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Pulmonaria officinalis L. Boraginaceae Distribution: Europe. Pulmonaria or Lungwort are names for a lichen and a perennial plant in the Boraginaceae. This is the latter. Lyte (1578) has a woodcut of our plant and also calls it Sage of Jerusalem and says it is of 'no particular use in physicke, but is much used in meates and salads with eggs, as is also Cowslippes and Primroses, whereunto in temperature it is much alike.' He lists and describes the lichen separately. Culpeper (1650) said he found many sorts of lunguewort in perusing Authors ' Pulmonari, arborea and Symphytum maculosum [and the latter is our plant, the others the lichen] and that they 'helpe infirmities of the lungues, as hoarseness, coughs, wheezing, shortnesse of breath etc.' Coles (1657) who espouses the Doctrine of Signatures in a way unrivalled by any other English author, might have been expected to confirm the concept that the mottled leaves looked like the cut surface of a lung which indicates their purpose, but he only mentions the lungwort which is a lichen. However, Porta's beautiful book on the Doctrine, Phytognomica (1588), is clear that the plant called Pulmonaria with hairy leaves like a bugloss, spotted white with purple flowers, commonly called 'cynoglossa' [with a woodcut which could be Pulmonaria officinalis] indicate its use for ulcerated lungs, spitting blood, shortness of breath and asthma equally with the lichen with the same name. Lobel & Pena (1570) call it 'PULMONARIA, masculosa folia Borrago. floribus Primula veris, purpureis [PULMONARIA spotted, Borage-leaved, flowers like Primula veris - Cowslips - purple]' and say that women mix the leaves with a little broth and make it into an omelette for lung disorders and to strengthen the heart.. Lobel (1576) calls it Maculosa Pulmonaria and describes a white flowered form with a good woodcut. Gerard (1633) uses the same woodcut as Lobel and calls it Pulmonatia foliis Echii, Buglosse Cowslips with red flowers, and a woodcut of a narrow leaved plant as Pulmonaria masculosa, Spotted Cowslips of Jerusalem with red, blue and purple flowers and says 'the leaves are used among pot-herbes. The roots are aso thought to be good against the infirmities of ulcers of the lungs...'. Quincy (1718) writes: '... it has a glutinous juice ... and heals ulcers and erosions. It is commended in coughs and spitting of blood but is little used either in the Shop or Prescriptions'. Not used in modern medicine. It is in the family Boraginaceae whose species are often rich in pyrrolizidine alkaloids that cause liver toxicity and liver cancers, but levels in Pulmonaria officinalis may not be significant. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
Dr Henry Oakeley- Digital Images
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Pulmonaria officinalis L. Boraginaceae Distribution: Officinalis indicates its medicinal use in early medicine. Europe. Pulmonaria or Lungwort are names for a lichen and a perennial plant in the Boraginaceae. This is the latter. Lyte (1578) has a woodcut of our plant and also calls it Sage of Jerusalem and says it is of ' no particular use in physicke, but is much used in meates and salads with eggs, as is also Cowslippes and Primroses, whereunto in temperature it is much alike.' He lists and describes the lichen separately. Culpeper (1650) said he found many sorts of lunguewort in perusing Authors ' Pulmonari, arborea and Symphytum maculosum [and the latter is our plant, the others the lichen] and that they 'helpe infirmities of the lungues, as hoarseness, coughs, wheezing, shortnesse of breath etc.' Coles (1657) who espouses the Doctrine of Signatures in a way unrivalled by any other English author, might have been expected to confirm the concept that the mottled leaves looked like the cut surface of a lung which indicates their purpose, but he only mentions the lungwort which is a lichen. However, Porta's beautiful book on the Doctrine, Phytognomica (1588), is clear that the plant called Pulmonaria with hairy leaves like a bugloss, spotted white with purple flowers, commonly called 'cynoglossa' [with a woodcut which could be Pulmonaria officinalis] indicate its use for ulcerated lungs, spitting blood, shortness of breath and asthma equally with the lichen with the same name. Lobel & Pena (1570) call it 'PULMONARIA, masculosa folia Borrago, floribus Primula veris, purpureis [PULMONARIA spotted, Borage-leaved, flowers like Primula veris - Cowslips - purple]' and say that women mix the leaves with a little broth and make it into an omelette for lung disorders and to strengthen the heart. Lobel (1576) calls it Maculosa Pulmonaria and describes a white flowered form with a good woodcut. Gerard (1633) uses the same woodcut as Lobel and calls it Pulmonatia foliis Echii, Buglosse Cowslips with red flowers, and a woodcut of a narrow leaved plant as Pulmonaria masculosa, Spotted Cowslips of Jerusalem with red, blue and purple flowers and says 'the leaves are used among pot-herbes. The roots are aso thought to be good against the infirmities of ulcers of the lungs...'. Quincy (1718) writes: '... it has a glutinous juice ... and heals ulcers and erosions. It is commended in coughs and spitting of blood but is little used either in the Shop or Prescriptions. Not used in modern medicine. It is in the family Boraginaceae whose species are often rich in pyrrolizidine alkaloids that cause liver toxicity and liver cancers, but levels in Pulmonaria officinalis may not be significant. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
Dr Henry Oakeley- Digital Images
- Online
Pulmonaria rubra L. Boraginaceae A red-flowered species, mentioned in 16th and 17th herbals, but with the same properties as officinalis. Distribution: Europe. Pulmonaria or Lungwort are names for a lichen and a perennial plant in the Boraginaceae. This is the latter. Lyte (1578) has a woodcut of our plant and also calls it Sage of Jerusalem and says it is of 'no particular use in physicke, but is much used in meates and salads with eggs, as is also Cowslippes and Primroses, whereunto in temperature it is much alike.' He lists and describes the lichen separately. Culpeper (1650) said he found many sorts of lunguewort in perusing Authors 'Pulmonari, arborea and Symphytum maculosum [and the latter is our plant, the others the lichen] and that they 'helpe infirmities of the lungues, as hoarseness, coughs, wheezing, shortnesse of breath etc.' Coles (1657) who espouses the Doctrine of Signatures in a way unrivalled by any other English author, might have been expected to confirm the concept that the mottled leaves looked like the cut surface of a lung which indicates their purpose, but he only mentions the lungwort which is a lichen. However, Porta's beautiful book on the Doctrine, Phytognomica (1588), is clear that the plant called pulmonaria with hairy leaves like a bugloss, spotted white with purple flowers, commonly called 'cynoglossa' [with a woodcut which could be Pulmonaria officinalis] indicate its use for ulcerated lungs, spitting blood, shortness of breath and asthma equally with the lichen with the same name. Lobel & Pena (1570) call it 'PULMONARIA, masculosa folia Borrago. floribus Primula veris, purpureis[ PULMONARIA spotted, Borage-leaved, flowers like Primula veris - Cowslips - purple] and say that women mix the leaves with a little broth and make it into an omelette for lung disorders and to strengthen the heart. Lobel (1576) calls it Maculosa Pulmonaria and describes a white flowered form, with a good woodcut. Gerard (1633) uses the same woodcut as Lobel and calls it Pulmonatia foliis Echii, Buglosse Cowslips with red flowers, and a woodcut of a narrow leaved plant as Pulmonaria masculosa, Spotted Cowslips of Jerusalem with red, blue and purple flowers and says 'the leaves are used among pot-herbes. The roots are aso thought to be good against the infirmities of ulcers of the lungs...'. Quincy (1718) writes: '... it has a glutinous juice ... and heals ulcers and erosions. It is commended in coughs and spitting of blood but is little used either in the Shop or Prescriptions. Not used in modern medicine. It is in the family Boraginaceae whose species are often rich in pyrrolizidine alkaloids that cause liver toxicity and liver cancers, but levels in Pulmonaria officinalis may not be significant. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
Dr Henry Oakeley- Pictures
Amanohashilat in Tango province, north of modern Kyoto prefecture. Colour woodcut.
Reference: 37540i- Videos
- Online
Resuscitation of the newborn.
Date: 1972- Books
- Online
The whole duty of a woman: Or, an infallible guide to the fair sex. Containing, Rules, Directions, and Observations, for their Conduct and Behaviour through all Ages and Circumstances of Life, as virgins, wives, or widows. With Directions, how to obtain all Useful and Fashionable Accomplishments suitable to the sex. In which are comprised all Parts of Good Housewifry, particularly Rules and Receipts in every Kind of Cookery. 1. Making all Sorts of Soops and Sauces. 2. Dressing Flesh, Fish, and Fowl; this last illustrated with Cuts, shewing how every Fowl, Wild or Tame, is to be trust for the Spit: Likewise all other Kind of Game. 3. Making above 40 different Sorts of Puddings. 4. The whole Art of Pastry in making Pies, Tarts, and Pasties. 5. Receipts for all Manner of Pickling, Collaring, &c. 6. For Preserving, making Creams, Jellies, and all Manner of Confectionary. 7. Rules and Directions for setting out Dinners, Suppers, and Grand Entertainments. To which is added, Bills of Fare for every Month in the Year, curiously engraven on Copper Plates, with the Forms of Tables and Dishes, and the Shapes of Pies, Tarts, and Pasties. With Instructions for Marketing. Also Rules and Receipts for making all the choicest Cordials for the Closet: Brewing Beers, Ales, &c. Making all Sorts of English Wines, Cyder, Mum, Mead, Metheglin, Vinegar, Verjuice, Catchup, &c. With some fine Perfumes, Pomatums, Cosmeticks and other Beautifiers.
Date: MDCCXXXVII. [1737]- Books
- Online
The lady's companion: or, an infallible guide to the fair sex. Containing, rules, directions, and observations, for their conduct and behaviour through all ages and circumstances of life, as virgins, wives, or widows. With Directions, how to obtain all Useful and Fashionable Accomplishments suitable to the Sex. In which are comprised all Parts of Good Housewifry, particularly rules and above one thousand different receipts in every kind of cookery. 1. Making all Sorts of Soops and Sauces. 2. Dressing Flesh, Fish, and Fowl; this last illustrated with Cuts, shewing how every Fowl, Wild or Tame, is to be trust for the Spit: Likewise all other Kind of Game. 3. Making above 50 different Sorts of Puddings, which are double the Number to be met with in any Book of this Kind. 4. The whole Art of Pastry in making Pies, Tarts, and Pasties. 5. Receipts for all Manner of Pickling, Collaring, &c. 6. For Preserving, making Creams, Jellies, and all Manner of Confectionary 7. Rules and Directions for setting out Dinners, Suppers, and Grand Entertainments. To which is added, Bills of Fare for every Month in the Year, curiously engraven on Copper Plates, with the Forms of Tables and Dishes, and the Shapes of Pies, Tarts, and Pasties. With Instructions for Marketing. Also Rules and Receipts for making all the choicest Cordials for the Closet: Brewing Beers, Ales, &c. Making all Sorts of English Wines, Cyder, Mum, Mead, Metheglin, Vinegar, Verjuice, Catchup, &c. With some fine Persumes, Pomatums, Cosmetick and other Beautifiers.
Date: MDCCXL. [1740]- Pictures
A young woman holding a chicken ready for cooking. Line engraving by J.G. Wille, 175-, after G. Metsu.
Metsu, Gabriel, 1629-1667.Date: [between 1750 and 1759]Reference: 676771i- Pictures
Tibetan medical expedition in Ladakh, India: shaman healer treating a patient's neck. Photograph by Tim Malyon, 1984.
Malyon, Tim.Date: 1984Reference: 29415i- Pictures
Tibetan medical expedition in Ladakh, India: shaman healer treating a man's stomach. Photograph by Tim Malyon, 1984.
Malyon, Tim.Date: 1984Reference: 29431i- Pictures
A man who spat in public forced to stand in the corner like a naughty child. Colour lithograph after Fougasse, 194-.
Fougasse.Date: [between 1940 and 1949?]Reference: 979819i- Pictures
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The dance of death: the kitchen. Coloured aquatint after T. Rowlandson, 1816.
Rowlandson, Thomas, 1756-1827.Date: Octr. 1-1815Reference: 32644iPart of: English dance of death, from the designs of Thomas Rowlandson, with metrical illustrations, by the author of "Dr Syntax".- Ephemera
The King : in consideration of the rare and uncommon cures performed by Dr. Bateman's Pectoral Drops, on many thousands of his loving subjects who have been grievously afflicted with the rheumatism, stone and gravel, cholick, agues and fevers, coughs, colds, pains in the limbs, &c.
Cluer, J.Date: [1728]- Ephemera
Smoking ephemera. Box 1.
- Pictures
Pope Clement XI issuing an Apostolic Constitution (decree) in the form of the papal bull 'Unigenitus' of September 1713, condemning the principles of Jansenism. Etching attribued to J. Folkema, ca. 1724.
Date: [between 1720 and 1729]Reference: 2136961i- Ephemera
AIDS ephemera : Safe sex education. Box 3.
- Archives and manuscripts
Andrew Balfour, "Fourth Report of the Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories at the Gordon Memorial College Khartoum. Volume B - General Science"
Date: 1911Reference: WF/WTRL/11Part of: Wellcome Foundation Ltd- Pictures
Health promotion in Africa. Colour lithographs, ca. 1993-2010.
Date: [1993?-2010]Reference: 750470i- Pictures
Difficulties and horrors of life shown in cells of an underground grotto. Gouache by W. Kurelek, ca. 1953-1954.
Kurelek, William, 1927-1977.Date: [between approximately 1953 and 1954]Reference: 3025695iPart of: Adamson Collection- Pictures
Two flying demons tip out of a sack a supply of Scottish clergymen, politicians, doctors etc. arriving in England. Engraving, 1772.
Date: [1772]Reference: 584787i- Archives and manuscripts
Miscellaneous Clinical Photographs
Date: 1960s?Reference: WTI/SGB/K.6/4Part of: Browne, Stanley George, CMG, OBE, MD, FRCS, FRCP, DTM (1907-1986)- Pictures
- Online
Christ cures a deaf man with his hands. Woodcut.
Reference: 23935i- Pictures
Six 'places': clockwise, 'places of honour', 'places of profit', 'a safe place', 'a snug place', 'a miserable cold place' and 'a warm place - hell'. Engraving, ca. 1780.
Date: [1780?]Reference: 585374i- Books
Cooked up : food fiction from around the world / Elaine Chiew, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, Rachel Fenton, Diana Ferraro, Vanessa Gebbie [and eleven others].
Date: 2015- Pictures
- Online
A picture-written notice to smokers and chewers requesting them to throw their stubs etc. in the stove. Coloured lithograph, ca. 1854.
Date: [1854]Reference: 24866i