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  • The four qualities, elements, humours and temperaments. Drawing, 19--.
  • The four temperaments, from Lavater, Essays on physiognomy, 1789
  • Four men of different temperaments looking at a painting of a dying man. Engraving by Grignion after D. Chodowiecki.
  • Four heads of men who each exhibit one of the four temperaments: (clockwise from top left) lymphatic, sanguine, bilious, and nervous. Engraving by W. Johnson and A.K. Johnson, early 19th century.
  • Four heads of men who each exhibit one of the four temperaments: (clockwise from top left) lymphatic, sanguine, bilious, and nervous. Engraving by W. Johnson and A.K. Johnson, early 19th century.
  • The four elements, four qualities, four humours, four seasons, and four ages of man. Airbrush by Lois Hague, 1991.
  • The four elements, four qualities, four humours, four seasons, and four ages of man. Airbrush by Lois Hague, 1991.
  • Apollo presiding over a gentleman of sensual appetite; representing the sanguine temperament. Etching by J.D. Nessenthaler, ca. 1750.
  • Apollo presiding over a gentleman of sensual appetite; representing the sanguine temperament. Etching by J.D. Nessenthaler, ca. 1750.
  • A depressed scholar surrounded by mythological figures; representing the melancholy temperament. Etching by J.D. Nessenthaler, ca. 1750.
  • Neptune presiding over a businessman making money through investment and a man drinking beer; representing the phlegmatic temperament. Etching by J.D. Nessenthaler.
  • Neptune presiding over a businessman making money through investment and a man drinking beer; representing the phlegmatic temperament. Etching by J.D. Nessenthaler.
  • A depressed scholar surrounded by mythological figures; representing the melancholy temperament. Etching by J.D. Nessenthaler, ca. 1750.
  • The goddess Diana presiding over military figures representing the choleric temperament. Etching by J.D. Nessenthaler, ca. 1750.
  • The goddess Diana presiding over military figures representing the choleric temperament. Etching by J.D. Nessenthaler, ca. 1750.
  • Profile of a man displaying a choleric temperament. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • Profile of a man displaying a sanguinary temperament. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • Profile of a man displaying a choleric-melancholic temperament. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • Profile of a man displaying a phlegmatic-melancholic temperament. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • A bust showing a phlegmatic-sanguine temperament. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • Four physiognomies expressing the propensity to command. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • Three physiognomies belonging to a Roman consul, a king and a prince. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • Alexander Monro: head and shoulders portrait. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • Man with viscera exposed and signs of zodiac affecting them.
  • Profile of a melancholy man with characteristics of penetration, fear, and distrust. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • An ideal head, yet according to Lavater, destitute of character. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • Four physiognomies expressing evil characters. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • A face void of all discernible connection with temperament or expression. Drawing, c. 1792.
  • A flagellation (above) and an unidentified scene (below). Tempera painting by a Spanish painter, 14th century.
  • A flagellation (above) and an unidentified scene (below). Tempera painting by a Spanish painter, 14th century.