HIV transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV integration, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV assembly and budding, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV translation, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Reverse transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Cross section through mycoplasma mycoides cell, illustration

HIV attachment, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV maturation, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV and antibodies, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

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Watercolour and ink on paper illustration of HIV assembly and budding. Once additional viral RNA and proteins have been made inside an infected target cell (usually CD4 T cells, a type of white blood cell found in the immune system), they are assembled and packaged together into new virus particles (virions) ready for release. HIV Gag protein and gag-pol (red) form an ordered arrangement below the cell membrane (white/grey) capturing the HIV genome (yellow). Viral proteins Vpr and Vif (purple; lower middle) are also incorporated. The assembled virus then pinches off from the cell picking up cell membrane on the way to create the viral envelope. Width of image is approximately 100 nm.



This image forms part of a series of illustrations which capture HIV at eight different points in the viral life cycle as it infects a cell and replicates.

Watercolour and ink on paper illustration of a cross section through the capsid (red; conical shape) from an HIV virus after it has entered a target cell (blue; usually a CD4 T cell, a type of white blood cell found in the immune system). Once inside the infected target cell the capsid protein uncoats, releasing viral RNA (yellow) and viral proteins (red and purple) into the cytoplasm of the target cell. Reverse transcriptase (purple; three of these are seen here at the centre of the image attached to viral RNA and DNA) then creates a DNA copy (green) of the HIV RNA genome (yellow), using transfer RNA (blue; two of these are seen here at the centre of the image attached to viral RNA and DNA) from the host target cell as primer. HIV nucleocapsid protein (lots of small red molecules seen here attached to viral RNA) acts as a chaperone to unfold the RNA so that it can be copied in this way. This process of making DNA from an RNA template is called reverse transcription. Width of image is approximately 100 nm.



This image forms part of a series of illustrations which capture HIV at eight different points in the viral life cycle as it infects a cell and replicates.

Watercolour and ink on paper illustration of a cross section through an HIV virus particle (upper; red and purple) attaching to a host target cell (lower; blue and green) e.g. a CD4 T cell, a type of white blood cell found in the immune system. Both the virus and the target cell are surrounded by separate membranes (white/grey; circular shape) and blood plasma is visible between the two (yellow and brown). Three HIV envelope glycoproteins (purple; extend out from the virus and look like trees rooted in the membrane) bind to proteins (receptor CD4 and co-receptor CCR5) on the surface of the target cell. This causes a change in conformation that inserts fusion peptides into the cellular membrane. Width of image is approximately 100 nm.



This image forms part of a series of illustrations which capture HIV at eight different points in the viral life cycle as it infects a cell and replicates.

Watercolour and ink on paper illustration of genetic transcription. After viral DNA has been integrated into the genome of the target cell it is infecting (usually CD4 T cells, a type of white blood cell found in the immune system), it acts as a template from which more copies of viral RNA and proteins can be made. The first step in this process is called transcription, the creation of an RNA copy (yellow) from the DNA template (green). This is initiated by the enzyme RNA polymerase (blue molecule at the centre of the image attached to DNA) and facilitated by HIV viral protein Tat and the P-TEFb complex (pink and purple structure; just above centre of image). Other proteins involved in transporting molecules in and out of the nucleus are also visible here (HIV viral protein Rev is in pink and CRM1 is in blue; bottom right of image). Width of image is approximately 100 nm.



This image forms part of a series of illustrations which capture HIV at eight different points in the viral life cycle as it infects a cell and replicates.

Watercolour and ink on paper illustration of a cross section through an HIV virus particle (bottom right of image). The virus is surrounded by a membrane (light blue; circular shape) and contains viral RNA (yellow ; bottom right) encased by capsid proteins (red; conical shape). Other viral proteins (red and purple) including matrix proteins, reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease, Vif and Tat are also visible. Blood plasma surrounds the virus (yellow and brown; top and left side of image). Several broadly-neutralising antibodies found in the blood plasma (yellow; top left) are seen here binding to three HIV envelope glycoproteins (purple; extend out from the virus and look like trees rooted in the membrane). Width of image is approximately 100 nm.



This image forms part of a series of illustrations which capture HIV at eight different points in the viral life cycle as it infects a cell and replicates.

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David S. Goodsell, The Scripps Research Institute

Images

Works

HIV assembly and budding, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Reverse transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV attachment, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV and antibodies, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

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Wellcome uses cookies.

David S. Goodsell, The Scripps Research Institute

Images

Works

HIV assembly and budding, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Reverse transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV attachment, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV and antibodies, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Wellcome Collection

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