Studies of nitrogen partition in the blood and spinal fluid, with especial reference to the possible causation of albuminuric retinitis / Alan C. Woods, M.D. Boston.

  • Woods, Alan C. (Alan Churchill), 1889-1963
Date:
1915
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Licence: In copyright

Credit: Studies of nitrogen partition in the blood and spinal fluid, with especial reference to the possible causation of albuminuric retinitis / Alan C. Woods, M.D. Boston. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    uric acid, creatinin, combined creatinin and creatin, and of the amino- acid nitrogen in the blood. Estimations were also made of the total nonprotein nitrogen and urea nitrogen in the spinal fluid, taken at the same time. In a review of the literature, the first important work on nonprotein nitrogen retention in the blood seems to have been done by von Jaksch5 in 1893. He gave figures for the nitrogen content of the alcoholic filtrate from blood, and showed there was a marked increase in the nonprotein nitrogen in the blood in chronic nephritis. H. Straus6 in 1902 gave figures in nitrogen partition, finding 75 per cent, of the total nonprotein nitrogen as urea nitrogen, 2.4 per cent, as uric acid, and 5 per cent, as ammonia. In high nitrogen retention, he found these same figures held. Holweg7 in 1911, found 60.8 per cent, of the total nonprotein nitrogen as urea nitrogen, 27.4 per cent, as amino-acid nitrogen and 11.7 per cent, as albuminose nitrogen. He found that as the total nonprotein nitrogen retention increases, the urea and amino- acid nitrogen increased proportionally, while the albuminose nitrogen remained stationary. Obermayer and Popper8 in 1911 reviewed the literature and cited the following results of investigation on the reten- i tion of nitrogenous bodies. Jaccoud9 thought creatin retention the cause of uremia. Coetbeer and Plunden10 found that in the great non¬ protein nitrogen retention following extirpation of the kidney, urea nitrogen was only one-third the total. Oppler and Hoppe-Seyler* 11 found creatinin increased in the blood in chronic nephritis, and von Jaksch12 found an increase in uric acid. Obermayer and Popper them¬ selves found nonprotein nitrogen in the blood in cases of uremia vary¬ ing from 57 to 658 mg. per hundred c.c. of blood, of which an average of 64 per cent, was urea nitrogen. Philipp13 in 1913 reported a series of cases giving the total non¬ protein nitrogen and the urea nitrogen content in the blood in cases of uremia. Using phosphotungstic acid to precipitate the proteins in the determination of the total nonprotein nitrogen, he found the urea 5. Von Jaksch: Ueber die 'Zusammensetzung des Blutes gesunder und kranker Menschen, Ztschr. f. klin. Med., 1893, xxiii, 187. 6. Straus, H.: Die chronischen Nierenentztindungen in ihrer Einwirkung auf Blutfliissigkeit, Berlin, 1902. 7. Holweg: Ueber das Verhalten des Reststickstoffes des Blutes bie Neph¬ ritis und Uramie, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 1911, civ, 216. 8. Obermayer and Popper: Ueber Uramie, Ztschr. f. klin. Med., 1911, Ixxii, 332. 9. Jaccoud: Quoted by Obermayer and Popper, Note 8. 10. Soetbeer and Hunden: Quoted by Obermayer and Popper, Note 8. 11. Oppler and Hoppe-Seyler: Quoted by Obermayer and Popper, Note 8. 12. Von Jaksch: Quoted by Obermayer and Popper, Note 8. 13. Philipp: Ueber des Verhalten des Harnstoffs und des Reststickstoffs im Blute von Nephritiken, med. Klin., Berlin, 1913, ix, 912.