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  • A dandelion (Taraxacum species): flowering plant growing with young ferns. Watercolour.
  • An analysis of the British ferns and their allies / by G.W. Francis.
  • Our native ferns, or, A history of the British species and their varieties / by E.J. Lowe.
  • A young woman carrying a bundle of ferns on her back. Engraving by Edward Burton after Robert Herdman.
  • Tree-ferns in an Australian forest with two hunters in the distance. Engraving by E. Brandard, c. 1873, after N. Chevalier.
  • Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hance var. pictum (Maxwell) Fraser-Jenk. Woodsiaceae. Japanese Painted fern. Hardy fern. Distribution: Japan. Young fronds are boiled and eaten in Japan. However after the discovery of thaiminases in certain ferns Pteridum aquilum (bracken), Marsilea drummondii and Cheilanthes sieberi cautions are given regarding the risk of thiaminase in all ferns. It can be mostly removed by boiling, but otherwise causes vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency and beriberi in a matter of weeks. Eating Bracken fern also causes cancer, as do the spores, but I could find no report of other ferns being toxic. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Fern of Benzimidazole
  • Four fern fronds, one of a hart's tongue fern (Asplenium species). Chromolithograph after a nature print.
  • A fern frond, possibly of the male fern (Dryopteris filix-mas). Colour nature print, c. 1860.
  • Dryopteris filix-mas (Male fern)