138 results
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Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae Opium Poppy Distribution: Asia minor, but has been dated to 5000BC in Spanish caves. Now grows almost everywhere. The oldest medicine in continuous use, described in the Ebers' papyrus (1550 BC), called Meconium, Laudanum, Paregoric and syrup of poppies. Culpeper (1650) on Meconium '...the juyce of English Poppies boyled till it be thick' and 'I am of the opinion that Opium is nothing else but the juyce of poppies growing in hotter countries, for such Opium as Authors talk of comes from Utopia.[he means an imaginary land, I suspect]’]. He cautions 'Syrups of Poppies provoke sleep, but in that I desire they may be used with a great deal of caution and wariness...' and warns in particular about giving syrup of poppies to children to get them to sleep. The alkaloids in the sap include: Morphine 12% - affects ?-opioid receptors in the brain and causes happiness, sleepiness, pain relief, suppresses cough and causes constipation. Codeine 3% – mild opiate actions – converted to morphine in the body. Papaverine, relaxes smooth muscle spasm in arteries of heart and brain, and also for intestinal spasm, migraine and erectile dysfunction. Not analgesic. Thebaine mildly analgesic, stimulatory, is made into oxycodone and oxymorphone which are analgesics, and naloxone for treatment of opiate overdose – ?-opioid receptor competitive antagonist – it displaces morphine from ?-opioid receptors, and constipation caused by opiates. Protopine – analgesic, antihistamine so relieves pain of inflammation. Noscapine – anti-tussive (anti-cough). In 2006 the world production of opium was 6,610 metric tons, in 1906 it was over 30,000 tons when 25% of Chinese males were regular users. The Opium wars of the end of the 19th century were caused by Britain selling huge quantities of Opium to China to restore the balance of payments deficit. Laudanum: 10mg of morphine (as opium) per ml. Paregoric: camphorated opium tincture. 0.4mg morphine per ml. Gee’s Linctus: up to 60 mg in a bottle. J Collis Browne’s chlorodyne: cannabis, morphine, alcohol etc. Kaolin and Morph. - up to 60 mg in a bottle. Dover’s Powders – contained Ipecacuana and morphine. Heroin is made from morphine, but converted back into morphine in the body (Oakeley, 2012). One gram of poppy seeds contains 0.250mgm of morphine, and while one poppy seed bagel will make a urine test positive for morphine for a week, one would need 30-40 bagels to have any discernible effect. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
Dr Henry Oakeley- Digital Images
- Online
Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae Opium Poppy Distribution: Asia minor, but has been dated to 5000BC in Spanish caves. Now grows almost everywhere. The oldest medicine in continuous use, described in the Ebers' papyrus (1550 BC), called Meconium, Laudanum, Paregoric and syrup of poppies. Culpeper (1650) on Meconium '...the juyce of English Poppies boyled till it be thick' and 'I am of the opinion that Opium is nothing else but the juyce of poppies growing in hotter countries, for such Opium as Authors talk of comes from Utopia [he means an imaginary land, I suspect]’. He cautions 'Syrups of Poppies provoke sleep, but in that I desire they may be used with a great deal of caution and wariness...' and warns in particular about giving syrup of poppies to children to get them to sleep. The alkaloids in the sap include: Morphine 12% - affects ?-opioid receptors in the brain and causes happiness, sleepiness, pain relief, suppresses cough and causes constipation. Codeine 3% – mild opiate actions – converted to morphine in the body. Papaverine, relaxes smooth muscle spasm in arteries of heart and brain, and also for intestinal spasm, migraine and erectile dysfunction. Not analgesic. Thebaine mildly analgesic, stimulatory, is made into oxycodone and oxymorphone which are analgesics, and naloxone for treatment of opiate overdose – ?-opioid receptor competitive antagonist – it displaces morphine from ?-opioid receptors, and reverses the constipation caused by opiates. Protopine – analgesic, antihistamine so relieves pain of inflammation. Noscapine – anti-tussive (anti-cough). In 2006 the world production of opium was 6,610 metric tons, in 1906 it was over 30,000 tons when 25% of Chinese males were regular users. The Opium wars of the end of the 19th century were caused by Britain selling huge quantities of Opium to China to restore the balance of payments deficit. Laudanum: 10mg of morphine (as opium) per ml. Paregoric: camphorated opium tincture. 0.4mg morphine per ml. Gee’s Linctus: up to 60 mg in a bottle. J Collis Browne’s chlorodyne: cannabis, morphine, alcohol etc. Kaolin and Morph. - up to 60 mg in a bottle. Dover’s Powders – contained Ipecacuana and morphine. Heroin is made from morphine, but converted back into morphine in the body (Oakeley, 2012). One gram of poppy seeds contains 0.250mgm of morphine, and while one poppy seed bagel will make a urine test positive for morphine for a week, one would need 30-40 bagels to have any discernible effect. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
Dr Henry Oakeley- Archives and manuscripts
- Online
English Recipe Book, late 18th-early 19th century
Date: late 18th century - early 19th centuryReference: MS.7875- Archives and manuscripts
Liedekerke, Countess of
Date: late 19th century - early 20th centuryReference: MS.7574/17Part of: Scheuer, Victor (fl.1874-1908), Belgian physician: Autograph Collection and Personal Papers- Archives and manuscripts
Cottenham, Countess of
Date: late 19th century - early 20th centuryReference: MS.7574/11Part of: Scheuer, Victor (fl.1874-1908), Belgian physician: Autograph Collection and Personal Papers- Archives and manuscripts
Malakoff, Duchess of
Date: late 19th century - early 20th centuryReference: MS.7574/19-20Part of: Scheuer, Victor (fl.1874-1908), Belgian physician: Autograph Collection and Personal Papers- Archives and manuscripts
Caroline, Princess (no other identification given)
Date: late 19th century - early 20th centuryReference: MS.7574/9Part of: Scheuer, Victor (fl.1874-1908), Belgian physician: Autograph Collection and Personal Papers- Archives and manuscripts
Lützow, Countess of
Date: late 19th century - early 20th centuryReference: MS.7574/18Part of: Scheuer, Victor (fl.1874-1908), Belgian physician: Autograph Collection and Personal Papers- Books
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The global coffee economy in Africa, Asia and Latin America, 1500-1989 / edited by William Gervase Clarence-Smith, Steven Topik.
Date: [2003], ©2003- Archives and manuscripts
Autobiography of John Gardner
Date: Late 19th century - 20th centuryReference: MS.8726/1Part of: Gardner, John (1804-1880): Manuscript Notebook- Archives and manuscripts
Henry Wellcome Letter Book 2 ['HSW Private No.2' with key]
Date: 17 Apr 1888 - May 1890Reference: WF/E/01/01/02Part of: Wellcome Foundation Ltd- Archives and manuscripts
English Language Autograph Letters: Letherby-Lockhart
Letheby, H. (Henry), 1816-1876.Date: Mid 17th Century to Late 19th CenturyReference: MS.8886- Archives and manuscripts
Payne, Joseph Frank, F.R.S. F.R.C.P. (1840-1910)
Payne, Joseph Frank (1840-1910), physicianDate: Mid 20th century - late 20th centuryReference: MS.7400/42-43Part of: Miscellany: English, 19th-20th centuries- Digital Images
- Online
Zantedeschia aethiopica (L)Spreng. Calla lily, Arum lily. Half hardy annual. Distribution: South Africa. The genus name commemorates Giovanni Zantedeschi (1773-1846) an Italian physician and botanist. Born in Molina he studied medicine in Verona and Padua. He corresponded with the German botanist, Kurt Sprengel, who named the genus Zantedeschia in his honour in 1826, separating it from Calla, where, as C. aethiopica, it had been previously described by Linnaeus. He had broad interests, including the effect of different parts of the spectrum of light on plant growth, reporting in 1843, that red, orange and yellow light are heliotropically inactive. The botanic museum in Molina is dedicated to his memory. Aethiopica, merely means 'African'. The leaves are used as a warm poultice for headaches in ‘muthi’ medicine. It has become an invasive weed in parts of Australia. It was introduced, as a greenhouse plant, to Europe in the mid-17th century, where the long lasting flowers are popular in flower arranging and for weddings and funerals – a curious combination (Oakeley, 2012). Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
Dr Henry Oakeley- Archives and manuscripts
Parkins, Dr. - (fl.1826)
Parkins, Dr. - (fl.1826)Date: 1826Reference: MS.7400/17Part of: Miscellany: English, 19th-20th centuries- Archives and manuscripts
Hall, Marshall (1790-1857), English physician and neurophysiologist
Hall, Marshall, 1790-1857Date: 1830 - 1855Reference: MS.8780- Books
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Deutsche Literaturgeschichte des 19.Jahrhunderts / von Carl Weitbrecht.
Weitbrecht Karl, 1847-1904.Date: 1908- Books
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On the extent and aims of a national museum of natural history : including the substances of a discourse on that subject, delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, on the evening of Friday, April 26, 1861 / by Professor Owen.
Date: 1862- Books
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A history of botany in the United Kingdom from the earliest times to the end of the 19th century / by J. Reynolds Green.
Date: 1914- Books
Der heilige Doktor Fjodor Petrowitsch : die Geschichte des Friedrich Joseph Haass - Bad Münstereifel 1780 - Moskau 1853 / erzählt von Lew Kopelew.
Kopelev, Lev, 1912-1997.Date: 1984- Pictures
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A doctor reading a newspaper article on the prospect of a decrease in influenza - his wife hopes for the reverse. Wood engraving by G. Du Maurier, 1892.
Du Maurier, George, 1834-1896.Date: 1892Reference: 14297i- Pictures
A doctor taking the pulse of his patient - convinced that his prescription of a clyster has been successful - unaware that she has eaten the clyster-pipe. Coloured etching by G. Grinagain, 1804.
Grinagain, Giles, active 1804.Date: 2 January 1804Reference: 11831i- Archives and manuscripts
Professor Oliver Wrong
Professor Oliver Wrong (1925-2012)Date: 1946 - 2016Reference: PP/WRO- Archives and manuscripts
SAINT LUKE'S HOSPITAL {WOODSIDE HOSPITAL}
Date: 1750 - 2001Reference: H64- Books
Martin Heinrich Rathke (1793-1860) : ein Embryologe des 19. Jahrhunderts / von Heike Menz.
Menz, Heike.Date: 2000