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  • Diagram of nuclear division, Fig 1 in Introduction of The Germ-Plasm: A Theory of Heredity by August Weismann, London, Walter Scott, 1893
  • Human cells showing the stages of cell division starting with interphase second from the left on the top. Progressing anticlockwise the stages shown are: early prophase (centrosome not yet separated), late prophase (centrosome separated and DNA condensation), prometaphase (incomplete chromosome attachment), metaphase (chromosomes all attached and aligned), anaphase (chromosome separation), telophase (formation of midbody and cells begin to flatten), early cytokinesis (chromosomes decondensed and nuclear envelope reformed) and late cytokinesis (cells move apart).
  • Human chromosomes during cell division
  • Human cell in anaphase
  • Human cell in metaphase
  • Nucleus in prometaphase. The chromosomes are stained green. The chromatin has condensed but there is not yet complete attachment of the chromosomes to the spindle (not visible in the image).
  • Human chromosomes in early anaphase. At this stage the chromosomes have started to separate from each other and move towards opposite poles of the cell. The chromatin appears grey and the kinetochores are pink.
  • Human chromosomes in late anaphase. At this stage the chromosomes have started to separate from each other and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
  • Human cell in anaphase
  • Human cell in anaphase
  • Human chromosomes in early anaphase. At this stage the chromosomes have started to separate from each other and move towardds opposite poles of the cell.
  • Human chromosomes in metaphase. The chromatin is stained red and the "glue" that holds the two chromatids together is highlighted in yellow. This glue is a proteinaceous complex called cohesin. Once all the chromosomes are attached to the spindle, the cohesin complex breaks down, allowing the two chromatids to separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
  • Human cell early in cytokinesis
  • Human chromosomes in metaphase. The chromosomes are all aligned and at this stage they are attached to the spindle (not visible in this image).
  • HeLa cell in prometaphase. The chromatin is stained red and the microtubules forming the spindle stained green. The chromatin has condensed but there is not yet complete attachment of the chromosomes to the spindle.
  • Human cell in metaphase
  • Human cell in telophase
  • Human cell in anaphase
  • Drosophila development, calcium/histones movie
  • Human cell in late prophase
  • Human cell in early prophase
  • Drosophila development, calcium & histones
  • Chromosomes at metaphase
  • Human cell in metaphase
  • Drosophila development, calcium/histones, movie
  • Human cell late in cytokinesis
  • Human cells showing the stages of cell division starting with interphase at the top. Progressing down, the stages shown are: prophase, metaphase (chromosomes all attached and aligned), anaphase (chromosome separation)and telophase (formation of midbody and cells begin to flatten).
  • Human cell in telophase
  • Human chromosomes in telophase. The chromosomes have separated and decondensed, and the new nuclear envelope forms.
  • Human cells showing the stages of cell division