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  • Metaphase, deletion on chromosome 15
  • Chromosomes at metaphase
  • Fragile X metaphase spread
  • Fragile X metaphase spread
  • Human cell in metaphase
  • Human cell in metaphase
  • Human cell in metaphase
  • Chromosomes and spindle at metaphase
  • Xenopus cancer kidney cells, metaphase
  • Human metaphase, translocation, cosmid probe
  • HeLa cells in metaphase
  • Normal human male metaphase, Y banding
  • Human metaphase, normal male + nucleus
  • Fragile X metaphase spread + nucleus
  • Fragile X metaphase spread + nucleus
  • Human HeLa cancer cells, metaphase
  • Human HeLa cancer cells, metaphase
  • Human HeLa cancer cell, metaphase.
  • Human chromosomes and spindle at metaphase
  • Human chromosomes and spindle at metaphase
  • Human HeLa cancer cell in metaphase of mitosis
  • Human chromosomes in metaphase. The chromosomes are all aligned and at this stage they are attached to the spindle (not visible in this image).
  • Human cells showing the stages of cell division starting with interphase at the top. Progressing down, the stages shown are: prophase, metaphase (chromosomes all attached and aligned), anaphase (chromosome separation)and telophase (formation of midbody and cells begin to flatten).
  • Human chromosomes in metaphase. The chromatin is stained red and the "glue" that holds the two chromatids together is highlighted in yellow. This glue is a proteinaceous complex called cohesin. Once all the chromosomes are attached to the spindle, the cohesin complex breaks down, allowing the two chromatids to separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
  • Human cells showing the stages of cell division starting with interphase second from the left on the top. Progressing anticlockwise the stages shown are: early prophase (centrosome not yet separated), late prophase (centrosome separated and DNA condensation), prometaphase (incomplete chromosome attachment), metaphase (chromosomes all attached and aligned), anaphase (chromosome separation), telophase (formation of midbody and cells begin to flatten), early cytokinesis (chromosomes decondensed and nuclear envelope reformed) and late cytokinesis (cells move apart).
  • Chromosome condensation prophase to metaphas
  • Catharanthus roseus (L.)G.Don Apocynaceae. Madagascar Periwinkle Distribution: Madagascar. It is the source of vincristine and vinblastine, which impair cell multiplication by interfering with microtubule assembly, causing metaphase arrest and are effective medications for leukaemias, lymphomas and some solid tumours. The mortality from childhood leukaemia fell from 100% to 30% once it was introduced - not a drug that could ethically be tested by double-blind trials. These chemicals were initially discovered by investigators in 1958 who were looking for cures for diabetes so tested this plant which was being used in the West Indies to reduce blood sugar levels. There are 70 different alkaloids present in this plant, and some - catharanthine, leurosine sulphate, lochnerine, tetrahydroalstonine, vindoline and vindolinine - lower blood sugar levels. However, the toxicity of this plant is such that this is not a plant to try at home for diabetic management. The vincristine content of the plant is 0.0003%, so two kilograms of leaf are required to produce sufficient vincristine for a single course of treatment for a child (6gm). Fortunately it is a vigorous weed and easy to grow in the tropics. Artificial synthesis has now been achieved. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Biovation : Biovation fluorescent chromosome paints and probes from Scotlab / Ford Kennedy.
  • Fluorescent chromosome paints / Scotlab.
  • Fluorescent chromosome paints / Scotlab.