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230 results
  • Diagram of the double microscope of P. and J. Dolland, opticians, in St. Paul's Church Yard, London. 18th to 19th century.
  • A London street scene, mid-19th century, with a tobacconist's shop. Wood-engraving.
  • Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae Opium Poppy Distribution: Asia minor, but has been dated to 5000BC in Spanish caves. Now grows almost everywhere. The oldest medicine in continuous use, described in the Ebers' papyrus (1550 BC), called Meconium, Laudanum, Paregoric and syrup of poppies. Culpeper (1650) on Meconium '...the juyce of English Poppies boyled till it be thick' and 'I am of the opinion that Opium is nothing else but the juyce of poppies growing in hotter countries, for such Opium as Authors talk of comes from Utopia.[he means an imaginary land, I suspect]’]. He cautions 'Syrups of Poppies provoke sleep, but in that I desire they may be used with a great deal of caution and wariness...' and warns in particular about giving syrup of poppies to children to get them to sleep. The alkaloids in the sap include: Morphine 12% - affects ?-opioid receptors in the brain and causes happiness, sleepiness, pain relief, suppresses cough and causes constipation. Codeine 3% – mild opiate actions – converted to morphine in the body. Papaverine, relaxes smooth muscle spasm in arteries of heart and brain, and also for intestinal spasm, migraine and erectile dysfunction. Not analgesic. Thebaine mildly analgesic, stimulatory, is made into oxycodone and oxymorphone which are analgesics, and naloxone for treatment of opiate overdose – ?-opioid receptor competitive antagonist – it displaces morphine from ?-opioid receptors, and constipation caused by opiates. Protopine – analgesic, antihistamine so relieves pain of inflammation. Noscapine – anti-tussive (anti-cough). In 2006 the world production of opium was 6,610 metric tons, in 1906 it was over 30,000 tons when 25% of Chinese males were regular users. The Opium wars of the end of the 19th century were caused by Britain selling huge quantities of Opium to China to restore the balance of payments deficit. Laudanum: 10mg of morphine (as opium) per ml. Paregoric: camphorated opium tincture. 0.4mg morphine per ml. Gee’s Linctus: up to 60 mg in a bottle. J Collis Browne’s chlorodyne: cannabis, morphine, alcohol etc. Kaolin and Morph. - up to 60 mg in a bottle. Dover’s Powders – contained Ipecacuana and morphine. Heroin is made from morphine, but converted back into morphine in the body (Oakeley, 2012). One gram of poppy seeds contains 0.250mgm of morphine, and while one poppy seed bagel will make a urine test positive for morphine for a week, one would need 30-40 bagels to have any discernible effect. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae Opium Poppy Distribution: Asia minor, but has been dated to 5000BC in Spanish caves. Now grows almost everywhere. The oldest medicine in continuous use, described in the Ebers' papyrus (1550 BC), called Meconium, Laudanum, Paregoric and syrup of poppies. Culpeper (1650) on Meconium '...the juyce of English Poppies boyled till it be thick' and 'I am of the opinion that Opium is nothing else but the juyce of poppies growing in hotter countries, for such Opium as Authors talk of comes from Utopia [he means an imaginary land, I suspect]’. He cautions 'Syrups of Poppies provoke sleep, but in that I desire they may be used with a great deal of caution and wariness...' and warns in particular about giving syrup of poppies to children to get them to sleep. The alkaloids in the sap include: Morphine 12% - affects ?-opioid receptors in the brain and causes happiness, sleepiness, pain relief, suppresses cough and causes constipation. Codeine 3% – mild opiate actions – converted to morphine in the body. Papaverine, relaxes smooth muscle spasm in arteries of heart and brain, and also for intestinal spasm, migraine and erectile dysfunction. Not analgesic. Thebaine mildly analgesic, stimulatory, is made into oxycodone and oxymorphone which are analgesics, and naloxone for treatment of opiate overdose – ?-opioid receptor competitive antagonist – it displaces morphine from ?-opioid receptors, and reverses the constipation caused by opiates. Protopine – analgesic, antihistamine so relieves pain of inflammation. Noscapine – anti-tussive (anti-cough). In 2006 the world production of opium was 6,610 metric tons, in 1906 it was over 30,000 tons when 25% of Chinese males were regular users. The Opium wars of the end of the 19th century were caused by Britain selling huge quantities of Opium to China to restore the balance of payments deficit. Laudanum: 10mg of morphine (as opium) per ml. Paregoric: camphorated opium tincture. 0.4mg morphine per ml. Gee’s Linctus: up to 60 mg in a bottle. J Collis Browne’s chlorodyne: cannabis, morphine, alcohol etc. Kaolin and Morph. - up to 60 mg in a bottle. Dover’s Powders – contained Ipecacuana and morphine. Heroin is made from morphine, but converted back into morphine in the body (Oakeley, 2012). One gram of poppy seeds contains 0.250mgm of morphine, and while one poppy seed bagel will make a urine test positive for morphine for a week, one would need 30-40 bagels to have any discernible effect. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Opium den, East end
  • Dickens :" Drinking Party at Bob Sawyers "
  • Dickens :" Bob Sawyer on the roof of chaise "
  • London slums
  • A cowshed in Drury lane about 1850. About eight cows were kept in these premises in order to supply families in the nieghbourhood with milk. They were kept in almost complete darkness and so close together that they were almost touching. Some were even kept in the cellar.
  • Smithfield Market.
  • Harrow alley, Houndsditch
  • Wentworth st, Whitechapel
  • Peabody Square, Westminter. Dwellings for the poor.
  • Milk Fair in St. James's Park.
  • A blind man walks in Covent Garden, begging for money with hat and placard, stops at two ladies, one who gives him money, meanwhile a young fop helps a lady from a carriage. Coloured etching by T. Rowlandson, c. 1802.
  • Royal College of Physicians, Warwick Lane, London, with a public house shown on the corner. Engraving after T. H. Shepherd.
  • Royal College of Physicians, Warwick Lane, London, in 1841. Wood engraving.
  • The London Institution: the interior of the library. Engraving by J. Carter after H. Ansted, 1824.
  • Fishmongers' Hall, Thames Street, London: the entrance to the hall, with elaborate allegorical carving above the doors, two fashionable ladies, a scholar and a coal-heaver in the street. Engraving by J. Greig after T. H. Shepherd, 1830.
  • Russell Institution, Great Coram Street, London: the facade, above, floor plan, below, with a scale of feet. Engraving by J. Le Keux after G. Cattermole, 1824.
  • Bagnigge Wells: the gardens, with people taking tea, playing bowls, etc. Coloured process print after a drawing made in 1830.
  • Russell Institution, Great Coram Street, London: the facade, with passers-by. Engraving by J. Carter after T. H. Shepherd 1828.
  • A doctor in a strange hat. Watercolour, 1815.
  • The London Institution: the interior of the library. Drawing by H. Ansted, 1824.
  • St Bartholomew's Hospital, London: the fountain in the centre of the courtyard with a small boy looking at it, in the background the gateway to Smithfield. Photograph.
  • Russell Institution, Great Coram Street, London: the facade, with passers-by. Coloured aquatint, 1811.
  • London in the nineteenth century / by Sir Walter Besant.
  • Several sinister events in a London street. Coloured etching.
  • St Bartholomew's Hospital, London: the fountain in the centre of the courtyard with two figures looking at it. Wood engraving.
  • Houses and schools, Fulham, London. Wood engraving by C. W. Sheeres after B. Sly, 1854.