Human macrophage rupturing after infection with Chlamydia

HIV transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV integration, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV assembly and budding, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

HIV translation, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Spirochete presentation in inguinal lymph node section

Reverse transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

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Watercolour and ink on paper illustration of HIV assembly and budding. Once additional viral RNA and proteins have been made inside an infected target cell (usually CD4 T cells, a type of white blood cell found in the immune system), they are assembled and packaged together into new virus particles (virions) ready for release. HIV Gag protein and gag-pol (red) form an ordered arrangement below the cell membrane (white/grey) capturing the HIV genome (yellow). Viral proteins Vpr and Vif (purple; lower middle) are also incorporated. The assembled virus then pinches off from the cell picking up cell membrane on the way to create the viral envelope. Width of image is approximately 100 nm.



This image forms part of a series of illustrations which capture HIV at eight different points in the viral life cycle as it infects a cell and replicates.

Section of a cell block created from a fine-needle biopsy of an enlarged inguinal (groin) lymph node, showing the presence of Treponema pallidum (syphilis-causing bacteria). The Dieterle stain is one type of stain that can be used to demonstrate the organisms syphilis, and deposits silver on T. pallidum, staining them grey as seen in this image. The bacteria are transmitted through sexual contact or through the placenta during pregnancy. T. pallidum is a subtype of spirochete, so named for their corkscrew or curvy appearance. 



Syphilis is a staged-disease and can present sores, rashes and flu-like symptoms. If left untreated it can cause damage to the heart, brain, nervous system and bones, and even death. Syphilis is treated by antibiotics, most commonly penicillin.

Horizontal image width 675 micrometres

Section of an enlarged inguinal (groin) lymph node, showing the presence of Treponema pallidum (syphilis-causing bacteria). The Dieterle stain is one type of stain that can be used to demonstrate the organisms syphilis, and deposits silver on T. pallidum, staining them grey as seen in this image. The bacteria are transmitted through sexual contact or through the placenta during pregnancy. T. pallidum is a subtype of spirochete, so named for their corkscrew or curvy appearance. 



Syphilis is a staged-disease and can present sores, rashes and flu-like symptoms. If left untreated it can cause damage to the heart, brain, nervous system and bones, and even death. Syphilis is treated by antibiotics, most commonly penicillin. 


Horizontal image width 215 micrometres

Watercolour and ink on paper illustration of a cross section through the capsid (red; conical shape) from an HIV virus after it has entered a target cell (blue; usually a CD4 T cell, a type of white blood cell found in the immune system). Once inside the infected target cell the capsid protein uncoats, releasing viral RNA (yellow) and viral proteins (red and purple) into the cytoplasm of the target cell. Reverse transcriptase (purple; three of these are seen here at the centre of the image attached to viral RNA and DNA) then creates a DNA copy (green) of the HIV RNA genome (yellow), using transfer RNA (blue; two of these are seen here at the centre of the image attached to viral RNA and DNA) from the host target cell as primer. HIV nucleocapsid protein (lots of small red molecules seen here attached to viral RNA) acts as a chaperone to unfold the RNA so that it can be copied in this way. This process of making DNA from an RNA template is called reverse transcription. Width of image is approximately 100 nm.



This image forms part of a series of illustrations which capture HIV at eight different points in the viral life cycle as it infects a cell and replicates.

Watercolour and ink on paper illustration of a cross section through an HIV virus particle (upper; red and purple) attaching to a host target cell (lower; blue and green) e.g. a CD4 T cell, a type of white blood cell found in the immune system. Both the virus and the target cell are surrounded by separate membranes (white/grey; circular shape) and blood plasma is visible between the two (yellow and brown). Three HIV envelope glycoproteins (purple; extend out from the virus and look like trees rooted in the membrane) bind to proteins (receptor CD4 and co-receptor CCR5) on the surface of the target cell. This causes a change in conformation that inserts fusion peptides into the cellular membrane. Width of image is approximately 100 nm.



This image forms part of a series of illustrations which capture HIV at eight different points in the viral life cycle as it infects a cell and replicates.

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Images

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HIV assembly and budding, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Spirochete presentation in inguinal lymph node section

Spirochete presentation in inguinal lymph node section

Reverse transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV attachment, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

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Wellcome uses cookies.

STI

Images

Works

HIV assembly and budding, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

Spirochete presentation in inguinal lymph node section

Spirochete presentation in inguinal lymph node section

Reverse transcription, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

HIV attachment, HIV viral life cycle, illustration

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