Physical culture in China during the Cultural Revolution: a young man and other factory workers performing exercises in the open air. Colour lithograph after Han Xizeng, 1972.

A muscular young worker, arms out-stretched, leads other workers in callisthenics (calisthenics), with factories behind. During the Cultural Revolution, team callisthenics was nationally promoted in order to enhance the people's physical quality and to maintain their physical well-being. The whole population was encouraged to participate, especially in schools and factories. At a certain time in the morning, people were called to gather together and to do callisthenic exercises collectively