Woodcut illustrating the 17th century text Xu Ping waike zhengzong (Orthodox Manual of External Medicine with Commentary by Xu Dachun), from an edition published in 1860 (10th year of the Xianfeng reign period of the Qing dynasty).
Right-hand illustration:
Quan ding (boil on the cheekbones), fengke ju (bee's nest abscess) and weikou ju (stomach opening abscess) belong, in Chinese medicine, to the category of abscess and ulcer diseases (yongju zheng). The illustration shows the disease location for each of these conditions. Quan ding is found on the cheekbones. Fengke ju is a type of boil with several heads, resembling a honeycomb. It may appear on the shoulders, the back or the head. Weikou ju appears on the side of the thorax; those with a head are classed as Yang, and those without are classed as Yin.
Left-hand illustration:
Jian chun (lip callus), fanhua chuang (upturned flower boil); xie ju (abscess on the ribs or sides), chang ju (intestinal abscess), biandu (fecal poisoning), yukou (fish mouth), yin ju (Yin/genital abscess), he xi feng (crane neck wind), chuanhuai ju (abscess penetrating through the ankle) and jiao fa bei (lesion on the instep) also belong to the category of abscess and ulcer dieases. The illustration shows the disease location for each of these conditions. Jianchun is located on the lip and is probably a carcinoma. Fanhua chuang, when it ulcerates, resembles an upturned flower or a cauliflower. Xie ju is found on the ribs or sides of the body. Changju corresponds to acute appendicitis. Biandu can refer to anal boils. It may also refer to buboes or syphilitic sores in the right groin, those on the left being known as yukou. He xi feng refers to a condition where the knee joints are grossly swollen and the thigh and shin bones are wasted, giving the appearance of a crane. Chuanhuai ju are abscesses found on the ankle. With jiao fa bei, the foot is infected and painfully swollen.