Brain: HIV encephalopathy

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Brain: HIV encephalopathy. Wellcome Collection. CC0 1.0 Universal. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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HIV encephalopathy This is a high power microscopic view of a section of brain from a child with HIV encephalitis. It shows a focus of multinucleate giant cell encephalitis. On a background of fusiform microglial cells (macrophages of the brain) forming a microglial nodule, there are several multinucleate cells (eg. the one arrowed). These are also macrophages which are the histological marker of active HIV replication in those cells. Macrophages have the CD4 receptor and can be infected by HIV virus. H&E stain.

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