The enemy within.

In this programme Prof. Robert Winston reports on experimental treatment for cancer. Diane Ranson had inoperable cancer and volunteered to try a drug made from the African bush willow tree. In laboratory tests this drug attacked the tumour's blood supply but no human trials had been carried out. There was doubt about whether a patient could tolerate it as it is a very toxic drug. Ms Ranson coped well with the treatment. Bloodflow to the tumour was halted but the tumour did not shrink and she died. Brian Newton had mesothelioma and volunteered for gene therapy (film of gene therapy is shown). The first cancer patient to try this, 6 years ago, is alive and well. However, Mr. Newton died while awaiting a place on a trial. The programme also includes information about free radicals. They are produced by oxygen and cause cell damage especially in conjunction with smoking, sunburn and pollution. A diet rich in fruit and vegetables protects against free radicals, but once cancer occurs it is too late for dietary change to make a difference. The programme also has a section about genetic research in Iceland. The small population and excellent family tree records make Iceland an ideal place for studying the hereditary aspects of cancer, especially breast and prostate cancer, of which Iceland has very high rates. The question arises whether women should be offered a test for genetic predisposition to breast cancer and whether, in the case of a positive result, they should have healthy breasts removed. Finally, the programme turns to skin cancer, a worldwide problem. In the case of Jeff Allen, investigation of signs of skin cancer revealed bone cancer. He volunteered to try a cancer vaccine, with apparent success. The cancer receded from his bones but no one knows how long the vaccine will remain effective.