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  • El-Amarna, Egypt; washing pots and pans in the Nile
  • Helwan, Egypt; smallholding growing sweet clover
  • Luxor, Egypt; cattle and livestock market. Shows extent of market in N0022543C with many men, donkeys, goats and cattle. The two men in the foreground have just purchased goats. Photographed January 1990.
  • Nepal; village in the Rapti Valley, Terai, 1986
  • Helwan, Egypt; harvesting sweet clover
  • Watercolour of a typical Alpine house created by using a camera lucida
  • Nepal; wooden suspension bridge over a canyon
  • Helwan, Egypt; harvesting sweet clover
  • Nepal; agriculture and subsistence in the Khumbu, 1986. Sherpa with young yak. The economic emphasis of the Khumbu is on animal husbandry, and the breeding and tending of yaks and cattle was an important occupation when this photograph was taken. Yaks command a good price. On walled, flat terraces, Sherpas cultivate their staple diet of potatoes, barley, buckwheat, and in lower areas, rice. In this picture, taken at altitude 2900 metres, the land sustains the commercial cultivation of medicinal herbs although increases in production are limited by environmental degradation, largely through soil erosion.
  • Helwan, Egypt; washing a water buffalo
  • Luxor, Egypt; blacksmith selling his wares. Shows men, one with a goat, examining metal implements. Trades such as smithing are often performed by landless villagers who are often amongst the poorest groups. In 1990, as much as 40% of the rural population was landless. These people often provide village services including carpentry, machinery maintenance, and livestock herding or cultivate land for absentee landlords as tenants and sharecroppers. Photographed in January 1990.
  • El-Amarna, Egypt; village children collecting water
  • Helwan, Egypt; women carrying sweet clover
  • Helwan, Egypt; harvesting sweet clover
  • Landscape scene looking back up the valley of the Reufs (?)
  • Luxor, Egypt; cattle and livestock market. Groups of men buying and selling cattle. In 1990, there were nearly two million cattle in Egypt which yielded meat, milk and power. Photographed January 1990.
  • Helwan, Egypt; rural smallholding
  • Thebes, Egypt; felucca on the Nile, 1990
  • Helwan, Egypt; harvesting sweet clover
  • Helwan, Egypt; traditional Egyptian waterwheel
  • Helwan, Egypt; farm cultivation
  • Helwan, Egypt; water buffalo
  • Helwan, Egypt; farm cultivation
  • El-Amarna, Egypt; washing pots and pans in the Nile
  • Helwan, Egypt; traditional Egyptian waterwheel. As N0022540C but position of water wheel is slightly better. Photographed January 1990.
  • Helwan, Egypt; traditional ploughing with cattle. A small farmer using a wooden plough pulled by cattle. Although agricultural mechanisation accelerated during the 1980s, it remained limited. The main tasks undergoing mechanisation were ploughing, threshing, and water-pumping. Most tractors were privately owned, usually by large landowners. By 1990, however, there was a widespread private rental market and mechanical ploughing was becoming the norm. It was fairly unusual to see a field this size being hand ploughed. Photographed January 1990.