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  • The crusaders attack Jerusalem: Godfrey is wounded; an angel brings a medicinal herb to accomplish what the surgeon cannot. Etching by Antonio Tempesta, 16--.
  • Worshippers at the Stone of Unction in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, Israel. Coloured lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1842.
  • Chapel identified as the site of Calvary in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, Israel. Coloured lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1842.
  • A group of people with leprosy in Jerusalem: three standing men with sticks, a woman crouching next to a small bucket, and a mule. Photograph.
  • Jeremiah sits amidst the rubble of Jerusalem, after its siege and destruction in 586 B.C. Lithograph by B. Weiss after E.J.F. Bendemann.
  • A group of worshippers at the site of a temple, with the mosque of Omar, Jerusalem, Israel. Coloured lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1846.
  • A group of worshippers at the site of a temple, with the mosque of Omar, Jerusalem, Israel. Coloured lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1846.
  • Saint Peter and Saint John healing the lame man at the entrance to the Temple in Jerusalem. Engraving by Claudia Bouzonnet-Stella, 1679, after N. Poussin.
  • The four apostles announcing the fall of Jerusalem; in the foreground the Holy Family on the flight into Egypt: behind them triumphant Romans. Photograph of an engraving.
  • The Crucifixion of Christ with the Virgin, Saint John the Evangelist, Saint Mary Magdalene and a view of Jerusalem. Engraving by J. Scott after E. S. Burney.
  • A group of people with leprosy in Jerusalem: a man in a striped suit leaning on an umbrella has his hand on the head of one of them. Photograph.
  • Bathers at the banks of the Jordan river, with Achmet Aga, the governor of Jerusalem, with his guards, looking on. Coloured lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1843.
  • The good Samaritan helping a wounded man: two background scenes of robbing and assault while two figures walk by, set against Jerusalem. Line engraving by F. Berardi after G. Varana.
  • The Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox congregation of the Holy Grave in Jerusalem distributes the Holy Light at Easter; members of the congregation fight for it. Etching after B. Picart, 1730.
  • Members of the Greek Orthodox congregation of the Holy Grave in Jerusalem waiting at Easter for a good position for the arrival of the Holy Light and Lighting. Etching after B. Picart, 1730.
  • A knight who has returned home from the Crusades sits in his bedchamber bemoaning the fact that he has left the key to his wife's chastity belt in Jerusalem. Ink drawing by B. Roy, c.1900.
  • Join the Penny-a-Week Fund and keep the Red Cross in action : this appeal is made on behalf of the War Organisation of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St.John of Jerusalem, registered under the War Charoities Act, 1940.
  • The Grand Vizier's Tent. The principle figure is that of the Vizier, seen applying his seal to the firman which authorised the British to enter Jerusalem. (L to R) Sir Sidney Smith, Lieutenant Bower, Mr Spurring and Mr Spilsbury 1799, during the Defence of the Ottoman Empire against General Bonaparte
  • The Holy Shroud of Turin, the Sainte Chapelle at Chambery and S. Giovanni Battista at Turin; the encounter of Duke Emanuel Philibert of Savoy with Saint Carlo Borromeo at the Porta Palatina; the entombment of Christ' and the presentation of the Holy Shroud to Godfrey of Bouillon in Jerusalem. Colour lithograph by A. Layolo.
  • Pulmonaria officinalis L. Boraginaceae Distribution: Officinalis indicates its medicinal use in early medicine. Europe. Pulmonaria or Lungwort are names for a lichen and a perennial plant in the Boraginaceae. This is the latter. Lyte (1578) has a woodcut of our plant and also calls it Sage of Jerusalem and says it is of ' no particular use in physicke, but is much used in meates and salads with eggs, as is also Cowslippes and Primroses, whereunto in temperature it is much alike.' He lists and describes the lichen separately. Culpeper (1650) said he found many sorts of lunguewort in perusing Authors ' Pulmonari, arborea and Symphytum maculosum [and the latter is our plant, the others the lichen] and that they 'helpe infirmities of the lungues, as hoarseness, coughs, wheezing, shortnesse of breath etc.' Coles (1657) who espouses the Doctrine of Signatures in a way unrivalled by any other English author, might have been expected to confirm the concept that the mottled leaves looked like the cut surface of a lung which indicates their purpose, but he only mentions the lungwort which is a lichen. However, Porta's beautiful book on the Doctrine, Phytognomica (1588), is clear that the plant called Pulmonaria with hairy leaves like a bugloss, spotted white with purple flowers, commonly called 'cynoglossa' [with a woodcut which could be Pulmonaria officinalis] indicate its use for ulcerated lungs, spitting blood, shortness of breath and asthma equally with the lichen with the same name. Lobel & Pena (1570) call it 'PULMONARIA, masculosa folia Borrago, floribus Primula veris, purpureis [PULMONARIA spotted, Borage-leaved, flowers like Primula veris - Cowslips - purple]' and say that women mix the leaves with a little broth and make it into an omelette for lung disorders and to strengthen the heart. Lobel (1576) calls it Maculosa Pulmonaria and describes a white flowered form with a good woodcut. Gerard (1633) uses the same woodcut as Lobel and calls it Pulmonatia foliis Echii, Buglosse Cowslips with red flowers, and a woodcut of a narrow leaved plant as Pulmonaria masculosa, Spotted Cowslips of Jerusalem with red, blue and purple flowers and says 'the leaves are used among pot-herbes. The roots are aso thought to be good against the infirmities of ulcers of the lungs...'. Quincy (1718) writes: '... it has a glutinous juice ... and heals ulcers and erosions. It is commended in coughs and spitting of blood but is little used either in the Shop or Prescriptions. Not used in modern medicine. It is in the family Boraginaceae whose species are often rich in pyrrolizidine alkaloids that cause liver toxicity and liver cancers, but levels in Pulmonaria officinalis may not be significant. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Pulmonaria officinalis L. Boraginaceae Distribution: Europe. Pulmonaria or Lungwort are names for a lichen and a perennial plant in the Boraginaceae. This is the latter. Lyte (1578) has a woodcut of our plant and also calls it Sage of Jerusalem and says it is of 'no particular use in physicke, but is much used in meates and salads with eggs, as is also Cowslippes and Primroses, whereunto in temperature it is much alike.' He lists and describes the lichen separately. Culpeper (1650) said he found many sorts of lunguewort in perusing Authors ' Pulmonari, arborea and Symphytum maculosum [and the latter is our plant, the others the lichen] and that they 'helpe infirmities of the lungues, as hoarseness, coughs, wheezing, shortnesse of breath etc.' Coles (1657) who espouses the Doctrine of Signatures in a way unrivalled by any other English author, might have been expected to confirm the concept that the mottled leaves looked like the cut surface of a lung which indicates their purpose, but he only mentions the lungwort which is a lichen. However, Porta's beautiful book on the Doctrine, Phytognomica (1588), is clear that the plant called Pulmonaria with hairy leaves like a bugloss, spotted white with purple flowers, commonly called 'cynoglossa' [with a woodcut which could be Pulmonaria officinalis] indicate its use for ulcerated lungs, spitting blood, shortness of breath and asthma equally with the lichen with the same name. Lobel & Pena (1570) call it 'PULMONARIA, masculosa folia Borrago. floribus Primula veris, purpureis [PULMONARIA spotted, Borage-leaved, flowers like Primula veris - Cowslips - purple]' and say that women mix the leaves with a little broth and make it into an omelette for lung disorders and to strengthen the heart.. Lobel (1576) calls it Maculosa Pulmonaria and describes a white flowered form with a good woodcut. Gerard (1633) uses the same woodcut as Lobel and calls it Pulmonatia foliis Echii, Buglosse Cowslips with red flowers, and a woodcut of a narrow leaved plant as Pulmonaria masculosa, Spotted Cowslips of Jerusalem with red, blue and purple flowers and says 'the leaves are used among pot-herbes. The roots are aso thought to be good against the infirmities of ulcers of the lungs...'. Quincy (1718) writes: '... it has a glutinous juice ... and heals ulcers and erosions. It is commended in coughs and spitting of blood but is little used either in the Shop or Prescriptions'. Not used in modern medicine. It is in the family Boraginaceae whose species are often rich in pyrrolizidine alkaloids that cause liver toxicity and liver cancers, but levels in Pulmonaria officinalis may not be significant. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Pulmonaria rubra L. Boraginaceae A red-flowered species, mentioned in 16th and 17th herbals, but with the same properties as officinalis. Distribution: Europe. Pulmonaria or Lungwort are names for a lichen and a perennial plant in the Boraginaceae. This is the latter. Lyte (1578) has a woodcut of our plant and also calls it Sage of Jerusalem and says it is of 'no particular use in physicke, but is much used in meates and salads with eggs, as is also Cowslippes and Primroses, whereunto in temperature it is much alike.' He lists and describes the lichen separately. Culpeper (1650) said he found many sorts of lunguewort in perusing Authors 'Pulmonari, arborea and Symphytum maculosum [and the latter is our plant, the others the lichen] and that they 'helpe infirmities of the lungues, as hoarseness, coughs, wheezing, shortnesse of breath etc.' Coles (1657) who espouses the Doctrine of Signatures in a way unrivalled by any other English author, might have been expected to confirm the concept that the mottled leaves looked like the cut surface of a lung which indicates their purpose, but he only mentions the lungwort which is a lichen. However, Porta's beautiful book on the Doctrine, Phytognomica (1588), is clear that the plant called pulmonaria with hairy leaves like a bugloss, spotted white with purple flowers, commonly called 'cynoglossa' [with a woodcut which could be Pulmonaria officinalis] indicate its use for ulcerated lungs, spitting blood, shortness of breath and asthma equally with the lichen with the same name. Lobel & Pena (1570) call it 'PULMONARIA, masculosa folia Borrago. floribus Primula veris, purpureis[ PULMONARIA spotted, Borage-leaved, flowers like Primula veris - Cowslips - purple] and say that women mix the leaves with a little broth and make it into an omelette for lung disorders and to strengthen the heart. Lobel (1576) calls it Maculosa Pulmonaria and describes a white flowered form, with a good woodcut. Gerard (1633) uses the same woodcut as Lobel and calls it Pulmonatia foliis Echii, Buglosse Cowslips with red flowers, and a woodcut of a narrow leaved plant as Pulmonaria masculosa, Spotted Cowslips of Jerusalem with red, blue and purple flowers and says 'the leaves are used among pot-herbes. The roots are aso thought to be good against the infirmities of ulcers of the lungs...'. Quincy (1718) writes: '... it has a glutinous juice ... and heals ulcers and erosions. It is commended in coughs and spitting of blood but is little used either in the Shop or Prescriptions. Not used in modern medicine. It is in the family Boraginaceae whose species are often rich in pyrrolizidine alkaloids that cause liver toxicity and liver cancers, but levels in Pulmonaria officinalis may not be significant. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Bernard Zondek. Photograph by K. Meyerowitz, 196-.
  • Three Jewish women, seated, reading the scriptures; one of them breastfeeding. Coloured lithograph by J. Nash, 1843, after D. Wilkie, 1841.
  • The Summer Hall of the Jews. Coloured engraving, ca. 1804-1811.
  • The presentation of the Virgin. Drawing by F. Rosaspina, c. 1830, after G.A. Sirani.
  • An army entering into Jersualem by force. Coloured chromolithograph after J. Franklin.
  • The London Hospital, Whitechapel: the pool of Bethesda, used as a ticket. Engraving after W. Hogarth.
  • Christ healing the lame at the pool of Bethesda. Etching after J. Restout.
  • Christ healing lame people at the pool of Bethesda. Etching by D. Cunego, 1779, after J.A. Calvi after L. Carracci.