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  • Textiles: two patterns for embroidery (top), a woman winding thread (below). Engraving by R. Benard after Radel.
  • A Chinese silk manufactory: workers dyeing and winding the silk. Engraving by G. Paterson, 1843, after T. Allom.
  • Isaac Lamb, a centenarian, sitting on a chair outdoors, winding the handle of a gramophone. Photograph, ca 1921.
  • A woman is sitting by the window making lace on a pillow while another woman sits by a spinning wheel watching a kitten play with a reel of cotton; a man holds a swift or skein winder. Engraving by W. French after F.J. Luckx.
  • A philosopher seated at a table covered with large folio volumes and a globe; right, a winding staircase. Etching by L. Surugue, 1753.
  • Textiles: silk dyeing, washing cloth in a river (top), a spar used for winding silk thread (below). Engraving by R. Benard after Radel.
  • Rope-making: view of a rope-walk with boys winding ropes (top), details of various weights and a carriage (below). Engraving by A. Bell.
  • Cupiss' constitution balls for horses, cattle & sheep : are superior to all other medicine, and less expensive by reason of their lasting benefit, in cases of swelled legs, grease, cracked heels, surfeit, staring coat, colic, hide bound, loss of appetite, hove or blown, influenza, broken wind, strangles, sore throats, epidemic, coughs, colds, distemper, disordered liver, scouring, rot in sheep, gargate, conditioning, wasting, preserving health, &c. ... / Francis Cupiss.
  • Cupiss' constitution balls for horses, cattle & sheep : are superior to all other medicine, and less expensive by reason of their lasting benefit, in cases of swelled legs, grease, cracked heels, surfeit, staring coat, colic, hide bound, loss of appetite, hove or blown, influenza, broken wind, strangles, sore throats, epidemic, coughs, colds, distemper, disordered liver, scouring, rot in sheep, gargate, conditioning, wasting, preserving health, &c. ... / Francis Cupiss.
  • Cupiss' constitution balls for horses, cattle & sheep : are superior to all other medicine, and less expensive by reason of their lasting benefit, in cases of swelled legs, grease, cracked heels, surfeit, staring coat, colic, hide bound, loss of appetite, hove or blown, influenza, broken wind, strangles, sore throats, epidemic, coughs, colds, distemper, disordered liver, scouring, rot in sheep, gargate, conditioning, wasting, preserving health, &c. ... / Francis Cupiss.
  • Cupiss' constitution balls for horses, cattle & sheep : are superior to all other medicine, and less expensive by reason of their lasting benefit, in cases of swelled legs, grease, cracked heels, surfeit, staring coat, colic, hide bound, loss of appetite, hove or blown, influenza, broken wind, strangles, sore throats, epidemic, coughs, colds, distemper, disordered liver, scouring, rot in sheep, gargate, conditioning, wasting, preserving health, &c. ... / Francis Cupiss.
  • Cupiss' constitution balls for horses, cattle & sheep : are superior to all other medicine, and less expensive by reason of their lasting benefit, in cases of swelled legs, grease, cracked heels, surfeit, staring coat, colic, hide bound, loss of appetite, hove or blown, influenza, broken wind, strangles, sore throats, epidemic, coughs, colds, distemper, disordered liver, scouring, rot in sheep, gargate, conditioning, wasting, preserving health, &c. ... / Francis Cupiss.
  • Cupiss' constitution balls for horses, cattle & sheep : are superior to all other medicine, and less expensive by reason of their lasting benefit, in cases of swelled legs, grease, cracked heels, surfeit, staring coat, colic, hide bound, loss of appetite, hove or blown, influenza, broken wind, strangles, sore throats, epidemic, coughs, colds, distemper, disordered liver, scouring, rot in sheep, gargate, conditioning, wasting, preserving health, &c. ... / Francis Cupiss.
  • Marytje Jansdr van Rosenburg, the mother of Gerard Dou, winding her bobbin, with a coat of arms below. Line engraving by J.G. Wille, 1755, after G. Dou.
  • Anemone blanda Schott & Kotschy, Ranunculaceae. Grecian windflower. Genus name may derive from Greek for wind, blanda being Latin for mild or pleasing. Perennial tuberous herb. Distribution SE Europe, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria. Not described until 1854 so no early herbal records under this name. However all species of Ranunculaceae are poisonous, containing protoanemonin, which causes blistering if sap gets on the skin and indigestion if ingested. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Smyrnium olusatrum L. Apiaceae. Alexanders, Black Lovage, Horse Parsley. Distribution: W & S Europe, Mediterranean. Culpeper (1650) writes: ‘Hipposelinum. Alexanders or Alisanders, provoke urine, expel the afterbirth, provoke urine, help the strangury, expel the wind.’ Culpeper has taken this mainly from Dioscorides’ Materia Medica (circa 100 AD). The genus name is said to derive from Smyrna, a city which was founded by Alexander the Great (although there was one which pre-dated his Smyrna). on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. The species name comes from the Latin olus meaning a pot herb (cooking vegetable) and atrum meaning black, in reference to the seeds. It is described as tasting like a rather bitter, second-class celery. The English name may derive from Alexandria or Alexander the Great. It is rarely used in herbal medicine now. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Succisia pratensis Greene Asteraceae. Devil’s Bit Scabious, Blue Buttons. Distribution: Europe, W Asia, Africa. Culpeper (1650), under ‘Herbs’ he writes: ‘Succisa, Morsus diobolo, Devil’s Bit. Inwardly taken it easeth the fits of the mother [probably uterine spasm or pain], and breaks wind, taketh away the swellings in the mouth, and slimy phlegm that sticks to the jaws, neither is there a more present remedy in the world, for those cold swellings of the neck, which the vulgar call the Almonds [lymph nodes] of the neck than this herb bruised and applied to them. Folk lore attribute it as a cure-all which was so successful that the Devil bit off the bottom of the roots when he saw it growing down into Hades. However, the roots show no sign of such damage to support the myth. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. Asteraceae. English, Roman or garden chamomile Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean. Culpeper (1650): “... assuage swellings, inflammations of the bowels, dissolve wind, are profitable given in clysters or drink, to such as are troubled with colic or [renal] stone.” The leaves are pleasantly fragrant, hence its use as a lawn plant, but also in aromatherapy. A ‘tea’ made from the flowers is apparently used to lighten hair colour. Chamomile contains sesquiterpene lactones, and these are known to possess allergenic properties. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in this and other members of the Compositae (Asteraceae) and cross sensitivity reactions may occur (Medicines Control Agency, 2002). Analgesic, and used for cramps and spasms (Quincy, 1718). Chamomile tea is used to help sleep, but may cause uterine contractions so avoid in pregnancy (US National Institutes of Health advice). Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Arctium lappa L. Asteraceae. Greater Burdock. Distribution: Europe to India and Japan. Dioscorides (Beck, 2003) writes: '... helps those who spit blood and who suffer from abscesses ... plastered on it stems the pains around the joints that stem from twistings. The Leaves are applied beneficially on old ulcers.' Culpeper (1650) writes: ‘Burdanae, etc. Of Bur, Clot-Bur or Burdock, ... helps such as spit blood and matter, bruised and mixed salt and applied to the place, helpeth the bitings of mad dogs. It expels wind, easeth pains of the teeth, strengthens the back, helps the running of the reins, and the whites in women, being taken inwardly.’ The roots contain inulin, which is made into a non-digestible sweetener for diabetics. It has a multitude of uses in herbal medicine, in particular it is a component of a compound called ‘essiac’ that has been widely used as a treatment of cancers in the USA, but which is of no proven benefit. The young roots can be eaten raw or cooked. The seeds are hairy and care should be taken when harvesting them as inhaled they are reported as ‘toxic’. The root is licensed for use in Traditional Herbal Medicines in the UK (UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)). Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • A standing woman, facing two ways, whose hair and clothes are blown to right and to left. Drawing by M. Bishop, 1971.
  • A standing woman, facing two ways, whose hair and clothes are blown to right and to left. Drawing by M. Bishop, 1971.
  • Boreas raises Orithyia aloft. Etching by P. Dupin after C. de La Fosse.
  • Two windmills (in the Netherlands?) Pencil drawing [by Lilly?], 1862.
  • A man is standing on the banks of a river with a fishing line in the water, he is hunched against the very wet and windy weather. Coloured process print after J. Leech.
  • Geography: water spouts at sea. Engraving.
  • A windy day at Margate: a man accidentally bumping into another man, and knocking out his last tooth. Coloured etching by W. Heath, 1810.
  • Geography: a water spout in the South Atlantic Ocean. Coloured lithograph by A. Aglio, 1824, after P. Schmidtmeyer.
  • Geography: water spouts at sea. Engraving by C. Heath after H. Salt.
  • A woman and a dog hurrying from an approaching storm. Gouache.
  • The magi sheltering in a cave on the way to Bethlehem; here representing mercury converted into sulphur, at the moment of its fixation in the alchemical process. Coloured etching after etching, 17th century.