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  • A concert: one man is playing a stringed instrument, another a small pipe and a third is singing and holding a glass of wine. Engraving by Thomas Chambars after E. Edwards after Valentin de Boulogne.
  • Above, red-figured Greek wine bowl (bell-krater); below, detail of decoration showing a seated woman, a satyr and a woman holding a basket of eggs ?. Watercolour by A. Dahlsteen, 176- (?).
  • To H. Harris : cook, confectioner and contractor : for dinners, suppers, wedding breakfasts, wine, &c. : 126 Southampton Row, Russell Square, London, W.C. : Harris's celebrated wedding cakes a la strata.
  • To H. Harris : cook, confectioner and contractor : for dinners, suppers, wedding breakfasts, wine, &c. : 126 Southampton Row, Russell Square, London, W.C. : Harris's celebrated wedding cakes a la strata.
  • A physician reeling with surprise at an obese elderly man's pulse, the patient is grinning at a woman who approaches him with a tray full of food and wine. Photogravure after J.G. Vibert.
  • A physician reeling with surprise at an obese elderly man's pulse, the patient is grinning at a woman who approaches him with a tray full of food and wine. Photogravure after J.G. Vibert.
  • A red-figured Greek wine bowl (volute krater) also called "the Hamilton Vase", decorated with figures of men and women around a stele; volutes ornamented with female heads. Watercolour by A. Dahlsteen, 176- (?).
  • Detail of the decoration of a red-figured Greek wine-mixing bowl (column-krater) showing two youths holding bows and a young woman with a dog (Artemis ?). Watercolour by A. Dahlsteen, 176- (?).
  • Above, red-figured Greek wine-mixing bowl (column krater); below, detail of the decoration showing a woman, a man holding a shield and a spear and a seated man holding a spear. Watercolour by A. Dahlsteen, 176- (?).
  • A young couple sit together at a table, the man has his leg across the woman's knees and a glass of wine in his hand: they are laughing and reading by candlelight. Engraving by J. Houbraken after C. Troost.
  • Partly ruined buildings in Ostia identified as a tavern or hot-food shop (thermopolium) from the 3rd century AD: a fresco depicting vegetables, wine and fruit, seen from the front; marble steps descend below. Photograph.
  • Crab apples (Malus sylvestris) otherwise known as the European apple are a small variety of apple commonly used for the production of jam and wine. They have the reputation of being sour, and therefore do not tend to be eaten raw.
  • Above, red-figured Greek wine-jug (oinochoe); below, detail of the decoration showing a woman holding a torch (most probably Demeter on her quest to find her daughter Persephone) and a satyr. Watercolour by A. Dahlsteen, 176- (?).
  • The deity En no Ozunu (?) in a leaf cloak, with his hands in mudra (a sacred gesture), seated on a rock, with a wine-jar on a low table before him and the sun and moon above. Colour woodcut, ca. 1900.
  • Partly ruined buildings in Ostia identified as a tavern or hot-food shop (thermopolium) from the 3rd century AD: a fresco depicting vegetables, wine and fruit, seen from the front; marble steps descend below. Photograph after G.E. Chauffourier, 1928.
  • Parodies of pictures at the Royal Academy: women enjoying a bottle of wine, a nun wearing a wimple and a cross, a man riding a hobby horse and a dog with very large teeth. Wood engraving by Dalziel Brothers after John Gordon Thomson, 1871-1872.
  • Above, red-figured Greek wine-mixing bowl (bell-krater); below, detail of the decoration showing a woman and two warriors, one of them holding a spear, the other holding a spear and a shield decoration with a snake. Watercolour by A. Dahlsteen, 176- (?).
  • A man and a woman embrace and drink wine in the corner of a room, as a girl attempts to rouse the boy who has fallen asleep against her knee watched by two older women standing over them. Mezzotint by N. Verkolje after himself.
  • Above, red-figured Greek wine jug (lekythos) decorated with figures and a palm motif; below, detail of the decoration showing a woman holding a casket followed by a winged figure holding a plate, and a seated woman draped below the waist. Watercolour by A. Dahlsteen, 176- (?).
  • Primula veris L. Primulaceae. Cowslip, Herba paralysis Distribution: W. Asia, Europe. Fuchs ((1542) quotes Dioscorides Pliny and Galen, with numerous uses, from bruises, toothache, as a hair dye, for oedema, inflamed eye, and mixed with honey, wine or vinegar for ulcer and wounds, for scorpion bites, and pain in the sides and chest, and more. Lobel (1576) calls them Primula veriflorae, Phlomides, Primula veris, Verbascula. Like other herbals of the 16th and 17th century, the woodcuts leave one in no doubt that Primula veris was being written about. However, other translators of Dioscorides (Gunther, 1959 with Goodyear's 1655 translation
  • Above, red-figured Greek wine bowl (column krater); below, detail showing a man with a torch holding the hand of a woman with a basket (of grape ?) on her head and a man with a shield (during a bacchanalia ?). Watercolour by A. Dahlsteen, 176- (?).
  • Primula veris L. Primulaceae Cowslip, Herba paralysis Distribution: W. Asia, Europe. Fuchs ((1542) quotes Dioscorides Pliny and Galen, with numerous uses, from bruises, toothache, as a hair dye, for oedema, inflamed eye, and mixed with honey, wine or vinegar for ulcer and wounds, for scorpion bites, and pain in the sides and chest, and more. Lobel (1576) calls them Primula veriflorae, Phlomides, Primula veris, Verbascula. Lyte (1578) calls them Cowslippe, Petie mulleyn, Verbasculum odoratum, Primula veris, Herbae paralysis and Artheticae. Along with cowslips and oxeslips, he says they are 'used dayly among other pot herbes, but in Physicke there is no great account of them. They are good for the head and synewes ...'. Like other herbals of the 16th and 17th century, the woodcuts leave one in no doubt that Primula veris was being written about. However, other translators of Dioscorides (Gunther, 1959 with Goodyear's 1655 translation
  • Myrtus communis L. Myrtaceae Myrtle Distribution: Europe. Dioscorides (Beck, 2005) recommends the fruit for treating haemoptysis (‘spitting blood’) and cystitis, and, if boiled, he said it made a fine wine. In various forms it was used as a hair dye, for sore eyes, anal and uterine prolapse, dandruff and shingles, all sorts of inflammations, scorpion bites and even sweaty armpits. Our plant has white berries, but he regarded those with black berries (they become black later in the season) as being more effective. Lyte (1576) adds that the juice of the berries kept the hair black and stopped it falling out, and prevented intoxication. He notes that it only flowered in hot summers in England, but it is reliable in flower now, either due to global warming or selection of suitable clones. According to Lyte, it is named after Merlyne, a fair maiden of Athens in ancient Greece, who judged the athletic games. Slain by a disgruntled competitor, the goddess Minerva brought her back as the myrtle tree in perpetual memory. The myrtle tree is also an ancient Jewish symbol for peace and justice. Myrtle wine is still made in Tuscany and now even in China. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Polygonum bistorta L. Polygonaceae Bistort, snakeweed, Easter Ledges. Distribution: Europe, N & W Asia. Culpeper: “... taken inwardly resist pestilence and poison, helps ruptures, and bruises, stays fluxes, vomiting and immoderate flowing of the terms in women, helps inflammations and soreness of the mouth, and fastens loose teeth, being bruised and boiled in white wine and the mouth washed with it.” In modern herbal medicine it is still used for a similar wide variety of internal conditions, but it can also be cooked and eaten as a vegetable. The use to relieve toothache, applied as a paste to the affected tooth, seems to have been widespread. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Men (monks?) making and sampling wines, spirits, or other beverages or medicines. Oil painting.
  • Men (monks?) making and sampling wines, spirits, or other beverages or medicines. Oil painting.
  • An empty wine glass tipped over with streamers and multi-coloured confetti and packets of Hot Rubber condoms and the message 'Für die tollen tage' [[condoms] for the great day]; a warning about safe sex by the condom makers, the Hot Rubber Company Deutschland, a department of the Deutschen AIDS-Hilfe e.V. Colour lithograph by Detlev Pusch, ca. 1995.
  • Polemonium caeruleum L. Polemoniaceae Jacob's ladder, Greek Valerian. Hardy perennial. Distribution: Temperate Europe. Dioscorides in 70 AD (Beck, 2005), and Lyte (1578) recommended it drunk in wine, for malignant ulcers, dysentery, difficulty in micturition, hip disease. The root was worn round the neck to protect against scorpions, and stopped toothache if chewed. Called Valerian Graeca by Dodoens (1551) and Parkinson (1640), Valeriana peregrina Belgarum by Lobel (1576). Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Cynara cardunculus L. Asteraceae. Cardoon, Globe Artichoke, Artechokes, Scolymos cinara, Cynara, Cinara. Distribution: Southern Europe and North Africa. Lyte (1576) writes that Dodoens (1552) could find no medical use for them and Galen (c.200 AD) said they were indigestible unless cooked. However he relates that other authors recommend that if the flower heads are soaked in strong wine, they 'provoke urine and stir up lust in the body.' More prosaically, the roots boiled in wine and drunk it cause the urine to be 'stinking' and so cures smelly armpits. He adds that it strengthens the stomach so causing women to conceive Male children. He goes on to say that the young shoots boiled in broth also stir up lust in men and women, and more besides. Lyte (1576) was translating, I think with elaborations, from the chapter on Scolymos cinara, Artichaut, in Dodoen's Croydeboeck (1552) as L'Ecluse's French translation (1575) does not mention these latter uses, but Dodoen's own Latin translation, the Pemptades(1583), and Gerard's (1633) both do so. It is useful in understanding the history of these translations to realise that Gerard uses, almost verbatim, the translation of the 'smelly armpit' paragraph from Lyte. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • A partly blurred image of a woman sitting at a table in a bar with a glass of wine as a man puts his arm around while holding up a condom packet to their companions; an advertisement for safe sex by the Deutsche AIDS-Hilfe e.V. Colour lithograph by R. Warzecha, M. Jahreiss and D. Pusch.