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  • Neurone development, embryoid body
  • Neurone development, embryoid body
  • Neurone development, embryoid body
  • Neuronal migration is an artwork depicting many very young neurons that have been produced in the neuroepithelium migrating to their appropriate destinations in the brain. This image highlights the future of neuroscience showing different classes of cells colour coded. There is no available technique to do this now, but it is not far off considering the advances that have been made with brainbow mice. The brainbow technique allows for different cell types to be tagged with fluorescent proteins to track their development and connections with other cells.
  • Confocal image of hippocampal neurone
  • Confocal image of hippocampal neurone
  • Confocal image of neurone, movie.
  • Chemorepulsion of DRG sensory neuron
  • Cerebellar granule neuron in culture
  • Organelles in spiral ganglion neuron
  • Neuromast and neuron development, zebrafish.
  • Confocal image of neurone + dendrites
  • sensory neuron from an adult DRG
  • Dorsal Root Ganglion neuron growth cones
  • Dorsal Root Ganglion neurones in culture
  • Confocal image of neurone + dendrites, BW
  • Dorsal root ganglion neurone from a mouse, LM
  • Motor neurones synapsing with muscles in Drosophila developt
  • Motor neuron extending axon towards target muscle, Drosophila
  • Bipolar neurone in the midbrain of an adult zebrafish, LM
  • Single neurone in the midbrain of an adult zebrafish, LM
  • A naked man with motor neuron disease, walking. Collotype after Eadweard Muybridge, 1887.
  • The mechanism of nervous action : electrical studies of the neurone / by E.D. Adrian.
  • The mechanism of nervous action : electrical studies of the neurone / by E.D. Adrian.
  • Neuronal culture
  • Neuronal culture
  • Neuronal synapse, artwork
  • Neuronal precursor cell culture
  • Movie: stem cell division and neuronal birth
  • Capsicum annuum 'Masquerade' Distribution: Central and South America. This ‘domesticated species’ originated from Mexico (although the centre of Capsicum evolution was much earlier and from Bolivia) and includes the bland salad peppers and the hot chilli peppers, of which capsaicin (sometimes called capsicain), from the lining of the inside of the chilli, is the main active ingredient. Chilli comes from the Aztec language of the Nahuatl people. It was reputedly introduced to Europe by Columbus in the mid-15th century, but was cultivated in Mexico since 4,000 BCE and used in cooking since 7,200 BCE. After its introduction to Europe, its cultivation very rapidly became world-wide. It appears first as a description (Bock, 1539) with the name teutschem Pfeffer. The first illustration, as Siliquastrum, appears in Historia Stirpes commentarii insignis (Fuchs, 1542). Fuchs did not realise it came from the Americas, as he identified it as a plant described by Pliny, Dioscorides and Avicenna and gave their uses of it. It appear in Dodoen's Cruydeboeck (1551) and Lyte's translation (1557) with the note that it is 'hot and drie in the third degree.' He recommended it for dressing meat, and noted that it 'warmeth the stomach' and was good for a sore throat, scrofula, and topically got rid of spots. Fuch's had reported these properties as being described by Avicenna, but what that plant was is unknown. Lindley (1838) wrote: 'It is employed in medicine, in combination with Cinchona in intermittent and lethargic affections, and also in atonic gout, dyspepsia accompanied by flatulence, tympanitis, paralysis etc. Its most valuable application appears however to be in cynanche maligna [=severe sore throat, with impending suffocation] and scarlatina maligna [=severe scarlet fever], used either as a gargle or administered internally.' However, its principal use medically has been in pain relief, applied locally for pain from muscle injury to post herpetic neuralgia. Capsaicin acts on the pain and heat sensing neurones to make them trigger the sensation of pain at body temperature. Repeated exposure to capsaicin depletes the neurotransmitter substance P that is used to perceive pain, so the relevant nerves no longer transmit the sensation of pain/heat from any cause. It is a banned substance in the equestrian events at the Olympics because of its ability to stop perception of pain. Capsaicin has been shown, experimentally, to kill cancer cells by attacking their mitochondria. Particular interest has concentrated on its ability to reduce the size of tumours of the pancreas and prostate. Various cultivars are used in cooking, and the strength (i.e. how hot they are) is measured in Scoville units. A standard chilli pepper used in England would be around 5,000 Scovilles, the hottest peppers are rated over one million Scoville units. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.