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  • Bot. of Cope Bros., cheesemongers, porkmen, poulterers, & fishmongers, licensed dealers in game : the favour of your recommendation is respectfully solicited : chief office, 7, Russell Gardens, Addison Rd., Kensington, W.
  • A Japanese family all dressed in black explaining how they are dealing with HIV; an AIDS-prevention advertisement to promote World AIDS Day by the Japanese Foundation for AIDS Prevention. Colour lithograph, ca. 1993.
  • Four different ways of dealing with water during a fowl-hunting shoot: the hunter lying on ice, the hunter hiding in a boat, the hunter on stilts and the hunter using a pole as a bridge. Soft-ground etching by H. Alken, 1824.
  • Harinaigamesi replaces the foetus conceived by Queen Trisala, a member of the Ksatriya or warrior lady cast, with that of the foetus of Mahavira which has been removed from the Brahmin woman. From the Kalpa sutra a religious Jain text dealing with the lives of the 24 Jinas or founders of Jainsim
  • The book of knowledge; treating of the wisdom of the ancients. In four parts. I Shewing the various and wonderful operations of the signs and planets ... II. Prognostications for ever, necessary to keep the body in health ... III. An abstract of the art of physiognomy and palmestry ... IV. The farmer's kalendar ... / Written by Errapater ... Made English by W. Lilley ... To which is added, The dealer's directory; containing, 1. The true form of all sorts of bills, bonds ... 2. The best method of getting in debts ... 3. An account of weights, measures, numbers, coins.
  • The discouerie of witchcraft, wherein the lewde dealing of witches and witchmongers is notablie detected, the knauerie of coniurors, the impietie of inchantors, the follie of soothsaiers, the impudent falshood of cousenors, the infidelitie of atheists, the pestilent practices of Pythonists, the curiositie of figurecasters, the vanitie of dreamers, the beggerlie art of Alcumystrie, the abhomination of idolatrie, the horrible art of poisoning, the vertue and power of naturall magike, and all the conueiances of legierdemaine and iuggling are deciphered. And many other things opened, which have long lien hidden, howbeit verie necessarie to be knowne. : Heerevnto is added a treatise vpon the nature and substance of spirits and diuels, &c: / all latelie written by Reginald Scot. Esquire.
  • Valeriana officinalis L. Valerianaceae Valerianus, Phu, Nardus sylvestris, Setwal. Distribution: Europe. Popular herbalism attributes sedation to Valerian, but this is not mentioned by Coles (1657) or Gerard (1633) or Lobel (1576) or Lyte (1578) or Dioscorides (ex Gunther, 1959) or Fuchs (1553), where he quotes Pliny, Dioscorides and Galen, or Parkinson (1640), or Pomet (1712). The English translation of Tournefort (1719-1730) covers a whole page of the uses of all the different valerians, but never mentions sedation or treating anxiety. Quincy (1718) does not mention it. Because it was used in epilepsy, for which Woodville (1792) says it was useless, Haller, in his Historia stirpium indegenarum Helvetae inchoatae (1768) advocates it for those with irritability of the nervous system, as does Thomson's London Dispensatory (1811) although he lists it as an 'antispasmodic and stimulant' and for inducing menstruation. Lindley (1838) notes (as many did) that the roots smell terrible and that this makes cats excited, and in man, in large doses, induce 'scintillations, agitation and even convulsions' so used in asthenic fever, epilepsy, chorea, hysteria and as an antihelminthic.' Fluckiger & Hanbury (1879) give a wonderful account of the history of its names, but give its use as 'stimulant and antispasmodic' as do Barton & Castle (1877). but by 1936 (Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia) its only use was 'Given in hysterical and neurotic conditions as a sedative. Its action has been attributed to its unpleasant smell'. The European Medicines Agency (2006) approves its use as a traditional herbal medicine for mild anxiety and sleeplessness for up to 4 weeks. Despite what is written continuously about its use in ancient Greece and Rome, the only reason for its use has been because it was thought, for a brief while, to be good for epilepsy and therefore might deal with persons of a nervous disposition because of its foul smell. It has been suggested that even its Greek name, 'Phu' came from the expression of disgust which is made when one sniffs an unpleasant odour. For 1,800 years, before the last century, no-one had thought it sedative. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae Opium Poppy Distribution: Asia minor, but has been dated to 5000BC in Spanish caves. Now grows almost everywhere. The oldest medicine in continuous use, described in the Ebers' papyrus (1550 BC), called Meconium, Laudanum, Paregoric and syrup of poppies. Culpeper (1650) on Meconium '...the juyce of English Poppies boyled till it be thick' and 'I am of the opinion that Opium is nothing else but the juyce of poppies growing in hotter countries, for such Opium as Authors talk of comes from Utopia.[he means an imaginary land, I suspect]’]. He cautions 'Syrups of Poppies provoke sleep, but in that I desire they may be used with a great deal of caution and wariness...' and warns in particular about giving syrup of poppies to children to get them to sleep. The alkaloids in the sap include: Morphine 12% - affects ?-opioid receptors in the brain and causes happiness, sleepiness, pain relief, suppresses cough and causes constipation. Codeine 3% – mild opiate actions – converted to morphine in the body. Papaverine, relaxes smooth muscle spasm in arteries of heart and brain, and also for intestinal spasm, migraine and erectile dysfunction. Not analgesic. Thebaine mildly analgesic, stimulatory, is made into oxycodone and oxymorphone which are analgesics, and naloxone for treatment of opiate overdose – ?-opioid receptor competitive antagonist – it displaces morphine from ?-opioid receptors, and constipation caused by opiates. Protopine – analgesic, antihistamine so relieves pain of inflammation. Noscapine – anti-tussive (anti-cough). In 2006 the world production of opium was 6,610 metric tons, in 1906 it was over 30,000 tons when 25% of Chinese males were regular users. The Opium wars of the end of the 19th century were caused by Britain selling huge quantities of Opium to China to restore the balance of payments deficit. Laudanum: 10mg of morphine (as opium) per ml. Paregoric: camphorated opium tincture. 0.4mg morphine per ml. Gee’s Linctus: up to 60 mg in a bottle. J Collis Browne’s chlorodyne: cannabis, morphine, alcohol etc. Kaolin and Morph. - up to 60 mg in a bottle. Dover’s Powders – contained Ipecacuana and morphine. Heroin is made from morphine, but converted back into morphine in the body (Oakeley, 2012). One gram of poppy seeds contains 0.250mgm of morphine, and while one poppy seed bagel will make a urine test positive for morphine for a week, one would need 30-40 bagels to have any discernible effect. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae Opium Poppy Distribution: Asia minor, but has been dated to 5000BC in Spanish caves. Now grows almost everywhere. The oldest medicine in continuous use, described in the Ebers' papyrus (1550 BC), called Meconium, Laudanum, Paregoric and syrup of poppies. Culpeper (1650) on Meconium '...the juyce of English Poppies boyled till it be thick' and 'I am of the opinion that Opium is nothing else but the juyce of poppies growing in hotter countries, for such Opium as Authors talk of comes from Utopia [he means an imaginary land, I suspect]’. He cautions 'Syrups of Poppies provoke sleep, but in that I desire they may be used with a great deal of caution and wariness...' and warns in particular about giving syrup of poppies to children to get them to sleep. The alkaloids in the sap include: Morphine 12% - affects ?-opioid receptors in the brain and causes happiness, sleepiness, pain relief, suppresses cough and causes constipation. Codeine 3% – mild opiate actions – converted to morphine in the body. Papaverine, relaxes smooth muscle spasm in arteries of heart and brain, and also for intestinal spasm, migraine and erectile dysfunction. Not analgesic. Thebaine mildly analgesic, stimulatory, is made into oxycodone and oxymorphone which are analgesics, and naloxone for treatment of opiate overdose – ?-opioid receptor competitive antagonist – it displaces morphine from ?-opioid receptors, and reverses the constipation caused by opiates. Protopine – analgesic, antihistamine so relieves pain of inflammation. Noscapine – anti-tussive (anti-cough). In 2006 the world production of opium was 6,610 metric tons, in 1906 it was over 30,000 tons when 25% of Chinese males were regular users. The Opium wars of the end of the 19th century were caused by Britain selling huge quantities of Opium to China to restore the balance of payments deficit. Laudanum: 10mg of morphine (as opium) per ml. Paregoric: camphorated opium tincture. 0.4mg morphine per ml. Gee’s Linctus: up to 60 mg in a bottle. J Collis Browne’s chlorodyne: cannabis, morphine, alcohol etc. Kaolin and Morph. - up to 60 mg in a bottle. Dover’s Powders – contained Ipecacuana and morphine. Heroin is made from morphine, but converted back into morphine in the body (Oakeley, 2012). One gram of poppy seeds contains 0.250mgm of morphine, and while one poppy seed bagel will make a urine test positive for morphine for a week, one would need 30-40 bagels to have any discernible effect. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • RE carriage of milk / W. Owen.
  • RE carriage of milk / W. Owen.
  • A merchant haggles with another merchant over a large bundle of goods. Woodcut by J. Amman.
  • Boer War: some African people demonstrate their wares to staff and patients from a military hospital, South Africa. Halftone after J. Waugh, 1900.
  • A woman's example: and a nation's work : A tribute to Florence Nightingale / [Frederick Milnes Edge].
  • A woman's example: and a nation's work : A tribute to Florence Nightingale / [Frederick Milnes Edge].
  • A woman's example: and a nation's work : A tribute to Florence Nightingale / [Frederick Milnes Edge].
  • A woman's example: and a nation's work : A tribute to Florence Nightingale / [Frederick Milnes Edge].
  • Il chirurgo, trattato breve ... Aggiontovi il ministro del medico ... / Di nuovo restampato.
  • A woman's example: and a nation's work : A tribute to Florence Nightingale / [Frederick Milnes Edge].
  • A woman's example: and a nation's work : A tribute to Florence Nightingale / [Frederick Milnes Edge].
  • A woman's example: and a nation's work : A tribute to Florence Nightingale / [Frederick Milnes Edge].
  • A woman's example: and a nation's work : A tribute to Florence Nightingale / [Frederick Milnes Edge].
  • A woman's example: and a nation's work : A tribute to Florence Nightingale / [Frederick Milnes Edge].
  • A woman's example: and a nation's work : A tribute to Florence Nightingale / [Frederick Milnes Edge].
  • A servant asking her employer's dentist to fill one of her teeth. Process print after T. Evans, 1929.
  • Evolution in humans and apes. Colour lithograph, 1952.
  • Jan Ingen-Housz with his servant Dominique demonstrating the properties of vegetables. Soft-ground etching.
  • Yangsheng graphic: Ming Chinese woodcut
  • Yangsheng graphic: Ming Chinese woodcut
  • Yangsheng graphic: Ming Chinese woodcut