A manuel of the chemistry of the carbon compounds : or, Organic chemistry / [Carl Schorlemmer].

  • Schorlemmer, Carl, 1834-1892
Date:
1874
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A manuel of the chemistry of the carbon compounds : or, Organic chemistry / [Carl Schorlemmer]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    The monad group Uranyl UO exists in compounds:— Uranyl Chloride Uranyl Nitrate Uranyl Sulphate Uranyl Sulphide a number of uranium UO Cl UO NO3 UO ( UO ( SO, UO UO { s Such compound radicals are nothing but groups of atoms which remain unchanged in a great number of reactions, and so far act like a single atom; it is therefore quite a matter of indifference whether compound radicals can exist in the free state or not. Thus the monad and triad alcohol radicals cannot be isolated, but dyad and tetrad radicals exist in the free state, as for example the hydrocarbons of the ethene and ethine series. Whilst in a great number of metamorphoses the compound radicals remain unaltered, they undergo by other reactions manifold changes. In some of these the carbon group is left intact: thus ethyl alcohol yields by oxidation acetic acid, the radical ethyl being con- verted into acetyl C2H3O ;— + O2 = ^2^3 0 |.o + H2O When we act with chlorine upon propyl chloride, the monad radical propyl is changed into dyad propene :— C3H7CI 4- CI2 = C3HgCl2 + HCl The dyad radical ethene combines with hydroiodic acid, the iodide of monad ethyl being formed :— C2H, 4 HI = C2H,I But in many other chemical changes the group of carbon atoms is broken up into two or more fragments: thus by heating acetic acid with an excess of caustic soda, it splits up into carbon dioxide and methane;— C2H,02 = C02 4 CH, By the action of the galvanic current, succinic acid is decomposed into ethene, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ;— C,H,0, = C2H,4 2C02 + H2 Such a breaking up of groups of carbon atoms takes place most easily in those derivatives of hydrocarbons in which hydrogen has been displaced by oxygen. On the other hand, by joining two carbon atoms together, we are able to build up more complicated compounds from simple ones. By heating methyl iodide with zinc, the iodine combines with the