Systematic case-taking / by Henry Lawrence McKisack.

  • McKisack, Henry Lawrence.
Date:
1912
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Systematic case-taking / by Henry Lawrence McKisack. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.

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    urine—viz., squamous cells from the superficial layers of bladder mucous membrane, similar shaped but larger flattened cells from the vagina in females, cubical or tailed cells from the deeper layers in the bladder, and the somewhat smaller columnar cells (or roimded with large rmdivided nucleus) from the kidney tubules. Urates form the ordinary brick-red deposit in the urine. The commonest are the amorphous urates of sodium, potassium, and ammonium; but crystalline forms may be observed—viz., urate of sodium, urate of ammonium (more or less spherical bodies with spines). Phosphates are precipitated in alkaline urine, and are commonly found as an amorphous deposit of calcium, or more rarely magnesium phosphate. Crystallized phosphates in smaller quantity are usually found with the amorphous. The “ triple phosphate,” or ammonio- magnesium phosphate, is common, and is seen in the well-known “ knife-rest ” or “ coffin-lid ” and feathery star crystals. The so-caUed ” stellar phosphates ” are often formd in acid urine. The presence of phosphates is usually merely a result of alkaline reaction of the fluid, and is common in cases of nervous dyspepsia. A definite increase, however, in the quantity of phosphates (phosphaturia) is seen in wasting diseases, in rickets, in severe anaemia, and in some affections of the nervous system. Oxalate of lime occurs in urine as octahedral or “ en- velope,” or more rarely as “ dumb-bell ” crystals. It may be foimd after indiscretions in diet. Certain vege- tables (rhubarb, tomatoes, onions), want of exercise, emotional disturbance, aU tend to its appearance. It may cause pain and irritation in the urinary tract, and, in common with uric acid, phosphates, and other crystals, may go to form calculi.