On the influence of the cervical portions of the sympathetic nerve and spinal cord upon the eye and its appendages, illustrated by clinical cases, with observations / by John W. Ogle.

  • Ogle, John W. (John William), 1824-1905.
Date:
1858
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: On the influence of the cervical portions of the sympathetic nerve and spinal cord upon the eye and its appendages, illustrated by clinical cases, with observations / by John W. Ogle. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The University of Glasgow Library. The original may be consulted at The University of Glasgow Library.

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    n Bidder and Volkmann found that in frogs^ that part of the cord from wliich the iris-influeucing nerves proceed corres- ponds to the second and third cervical nerves. Budge, and, to a certain extent, Ruiter also, conclude that the first division of the fifth cranial nerve has specific branches of motion to the iris, but that the vagus nerve and the communicating branches of the upper cervical with the sympathetic have no possible influence upon the iris. The motor influence of the fifth upon the iris is thought by Budge to be proved by the contraction of the pupil, which is seen to follow division of the fifth, even although the third pair be divided so as to remove the possibility of any reflex action through that channel. Valentin, moreover, thinks he proves that in the rabbit an antagonism between various parts of the spinal nervous origin itself exists, and that the innervation supplied through the vagus ganglion (which this observer looks upon as having an influence upon the movements of the iris) con- trols the muscular fibres nearest to the lower end of the pupil, whilst that from the upper cervical ganglion presides over the muscular fibres nearest the upper end. It appears to him to be so from the fact that, on dividing the ganglion of the vagus and its roots, the margin of the pupil, which is rendered oblong, becomes sharp and angular above, and the inferior margin rounded; but if the upper cervical ganglion of the sympathetic be divided, the sharp margin of the pupil is below and the rounded one above. In addition, Budge and Waller found that any injury to the whole or half of the central parts of the spinal cord, alluded to above, or to the entire nerves issuing thence, or to the anterior branches only of these nerves, removed all power of action from the extensor or dilator muscles of the pupil, leaving the pupil-contracting fibres to the active and unfettered influence of such fibres of the third cerebral portion to its distance from the cervical region ; and for practical pur- poses, the cilio-spifial regions of the neck must be considered to exist. ' ' Die Selbstiindigkeit des Sympath. Nerven-Systems/ Leipzig, 1842.