Descriptive catalogue of the specimens illustrating medical pathology, in the Museum of University College, London / Charles Stonham.

  • Stonham, Charles, 1858-1916.
Date:
1890
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Descriptive catalogue of the specimens illustrating medical pathology, in the Museum of University College, London / Charles Stonham. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The University of Leeds Library. The original may be consulted at The University of Leeds Library.

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    are not always characteristic o£ typhoid, being sometimes the result of some general condition rather than of a specific poison. They are met with in typhus and other diseases. In typhoid, as in other infective processes, inflammation may attack the joints, lungs, pericardium, meninges, and other parts of the body. The muscles and muscular substance of the heart undergo changes precisely similar to those met with in typhus or any prolonged and severe febrile attack. They are softer and paler than natural, having undergone granular and hyaline or waxy degeneration; the degenerate fibres may rupture and extensive extrava- sation ensues ; this transparent degeneration hardly ever shows the iodine reaction of lardacein. 3088. A portion of the ileum from a child aged six, who died from typhoid. The solitary and agminated glands are swollen; the former are few in number, and attain the size of a split pea; the latter form large oval plaqiies arranged in linear series. The largest plaque measures about 1| inches by | inch in breadth, and rises abruptly from the surface to the extent of a line. Superficial necrosis has occurred in the plaque and also in the larger solitary follicles. The mucous membrane surrounding the ulcerated patches is apparently healthy, and the peri- toneum quite smooth. The stage would correspond to about the end of the second week, the time at which the slough forms immediately after the maturation of the plaques. 4118 3089. The lower end of the ileum -with the ileo-caecal valve. The agminated glands, for the extent of nearly five inches above the valve, form one continuous tract of swelling. The swollen surface is very irregular, and in many parts is minutely pitted. Above this part the swollen solitary follicles are seen rather sparsely scattered; near the upper end is a swoUen Peyer's patch. The wall of the gut, where there are no ulcers, is very thin, the muscular coat having undergone atrophy. The disease was probably in the middle or end of the second week. 1794 3090. A portion of the ileum from a case of typhoid fever. Two Peyer's patches are'seen to be swollen, and between them are two enlarged solitary follicles. The swollen Peyer's glands are examples of the plaque dure; the upper one is slightly worm-eaten from ulceration, the lower shows in two places a more advanced condition. The changes are probably those occurring at about the end of the second or beginning of the third week of the fever. 1822 3091. The lower portion of the ileum with the ileo-csecal valve. The solitary glands and Peyer's patches of the whole piece of gut are eiiormously swollen; the maximum change is seen just above the valve, at w^hich point the swollen plaques project for | or ^ of an inch above the surface, and involve nearly the entire circumference of the gut. Immediately below this, on the cecal aspect of the valve, the mucous membrane appears almost normal. Some of the swollen patches show commencing necrosis in the shape of adherent sloughs: others, again, are pitted and worm-eaten on the surface, owing to the separation of sfoughs; this erosion is quite superficial, and is best seen in the neighbourhood of the ileo-ca)cal valve. The specimen illustrates the changes seen about the middle or end of the second week of typhoid, and shows the extreme degree of SM^elling which may occur, to the extent even of producing marked temporary stenosis. 4376 3092. -A- portion of the ileum from a case of typhoid fever. _ The solitary follicles project from the surface as small hemispherical nodules, varying in size up to that of a lentil; most of them show a small central erosion, giving them an nmbili-