Diseases and refraction of the eye / by N.C. Macnamara and Gustavus Hartridge.

  • Macnamara, Nottidge Charles, 1832-1918.
Date:
1891
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Diseases and refraction of the eye / by N.C. Macnamara and Gustavus Hartridge. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Method of examining the Eyelids, Lachrymal Apparatus, and Eyeball—Visual Acuteness—Visual Field—Golour Sense — Test for Golour Blindness — Light Sense — The Ophthalmoscope: its Principle and Use — Betinoscopy— Ophthalmoscopic Appearances of the Healthy Eye — Tension of Eyeball. EXAMINATION OF THE ETE. The essential point to attend to in examining the eye is, that it should he illuminated by a clear, bright light. The patient may conveniently be seated before a window, the surgeon standing in such a position, that no part of his person inter- cepts the rays of light from falling directly on the patient's eye, and yet enabling him to examine the part thoroughly. The next thing to be done is to open the eyelids, the upper one with the thumb of one hand, and the lower with the other. This manipulation, though simple enough, requires care; even slight pressure on a diseased eyeball frequently causing pain and irritation, followed by a gush of tears from the eye, which for the moment prevents us from proceeding with our examination. The lids having been separated as far as possible, the condition of the cilia, puncta, conjunctiva, sclerotic, cornea, and iris should be carefully noticed. If one eye only is diseased, we must compare its condition with the sound eye; slight alterations in the colour and brightness of the iris, which may nevertheless be very significant, are often thus distinguishable, and any abnormal appearance of one cornea will be made more apparent bv contrast with the other. It is, moreover, by a comparative examination of this kind, that we ascertain the nature of the various derangements that are met with in connection with the muscular apparatus and movements of the eyeball.