The works of Ambrose Parey, chyrurgeon to Henry II. Francis II. Charles IX. and Henry III. Kings of France. : Wherein are contained an introduction to chirurgery in general : a discourse of animals, and of the excellency of man. The anatomy of man's body. A treatise of praeternatural tumors ... Illustrated with variety of figures, and the cuts of the most useful instruments in chirurgery. Recommended by the University of Paris to all students in physick and chirurgery, particularly such as practised in camps and the sea.

  • Paré, Ambroise, 1510?-1590.
Date:
M DC XCI. [1691]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The works of Ambrose Parey, chyrurgeon to Henry II. Francis II. Charles IX. and Henry III. Kings of France. : Wherein are contained an introduction to chirurgery in general : a discourse of animals, and of the excellency of man. The anatomy of man's body. A treatise of praeternatural tumors ... Illustrated with variety of figures, and the cuts of the most useful instruments in chirurgery. Recommended by the University of Paris to all students in physick and chirurgery, particularly such as practised in camps and the sea. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    what the Cr4- nim is> Why the nowl-bone is harder tlun clie reft. » My Author means by the Os bafilare in this place the svedg'bone ' but fotne Ana- tomifts make it a Spottyma of thisOi occi^i- tis. The forehead- bone, next to the nowl-bone is harder than the reft. A cavity to be obferved in the forehead- bone. O^a far in alt A & Brtgmatis. §J[a pHrofa^ or / thefcaly-bone. Os fphtnoidtSy or the wedg- bone. Os EthmoidtSy «r Cribrojm. The three bpnes of the Auditory- paffage. By what means a Chi- rurgion may conjefturc that there are extraordinary futures in certain places of the skull. The skulls of fuch as inhabit the Southern countreys, arc more hard and denfe. We muft ob- ferve the ex- tubcrances be- hdes nature, which are in fomc skulls. The fite and (bbftance of the Diplof^ CHAP. IV. Of the Cranium, or SknU. THe Cranmniy or Skull covering the brain like an Helmet, is compofed and confifts of feven bones i of which fomc are more denfe, thick and hard than otherfome. The firft is the Os OccipitUy or nowl-bone feated in the back-part of the head, more hard and thick than the reft, becaufe we want hands and eyes behind, whereby we may keep or fave our felves from falling. This bone is circumferibed, or bounded by the future Lambdoides^ and the ^ Os bafilare. The eminencies, and, as it were, heads of this bone are received into the firft Vertebra •, for upon this the head is turned forwards and backwards, by the force of fourteen mufcles and ftrong ligaments, which firmly tie thefe heads of the nowl-bone in the cavities of this firft Vertebra. The fecond bone of the skull is in the fore-part, and is called the Os coronale^ ox Os frontisy the fore-head-bone •, it hath the fecond place in ftrength and thickncls. It is bounded by the coronal future, and the ends of the wedg-bone: In this fore-head bone there isr often found a great cavity under the upper part of the eye-brows, filled with a glutinous, grofs, vifeid and white matter or fubftance, which is thought to help to elaborate the air for the fenfe of fmelling. Chirurgeons muft take fpecial notice of this cavity ^ becaufe when the head chances to be bro¬ ken in that place, it may happen, that the fradfure exceeds not the firft table i wherefore being ignorant of this cavity, and moved with a falfe perfwafion that they fee the brain, they may think the bone wholly broken, and fo prefs the Meninges^ whereupon they will dilate the womb, and apply a Trepan and other inftruments to lift up the fecond table of the bone, without any need at all, and with the manifeft danger of the life of the Patient. The third and fourth bones of the skull, aretheOjJ^ parktalia^ or 'Bregmatisy having the third place of denfity and thicknefs j although this denfity and thicknefs be difterent in divers places of them. For on the upper part of the head, or crown (where that fubftance turns not to a bone in children, until they have all their teeth, fo that it feels foft in touching, and through it you may feci the beating of the brain) thefe bones are very tender, fo that oft-times they are no thicker than ones nail, that fo the moift and vapourous excrements of the brain, fhut up where the greater por¬ tion of the brain refidcs, may have a freer paffage by the brains Viajiole and Syjiole, Thefe two fquare bones are bounded above with the fagittal fure, below with the fcaly, on the fore-part with the coronal, and on the hind-part with the Lambdoides. , The fifth and fixth bones of the skull, are the two Ojfa petrofa^ ftony or fcaly bones, which arc next to the| former in ftrength. They are bounded with the falfe or baftard-future, and with part of the LambdoideSy and wedg-bone. The feventh is the Os fibenoidesy bafilare, or Cuneiformey that is, the wedg-bone. It is called Baji- larey becaufe it is (as it were) the bafis of the head. To this the reft of the bones of the head are fitly faftned in their places. This bone is bounded on each fide with the bones of the forehead, the ftony bones, and bones of the nowl and palat. The figure reprefents a Bat, and its proceifes her wings. There is befides thefe another bone at the bafis of the forehead-bone,into which the mammillary proceffes end i the Greeks call it ii6/^otrib'k, the Latines, Cribrofum and Spongtofuniy the fpongy-bone i becaufe it hath many holes in it not perforated in a direct paifage, as in a five, but winding and an^ fraduous, that the air fhould not by the force of attraction, prefently leap or afeend into the brain, and affed it with its qualities, before it be elaborated by its lingring in the way. There are befides alfo, fix other little bones lying hid in the ftony bones at the hole or auditory-paffage s on each fide three, that is to fay, the or Anvil, the Malleolus ox Hammer, andthe^/^^e/orftirrop, becaufe in their figure they reprefent thefe three things s theufeof thefe we will declare hereafter. But alfo in fome skulls there are found fome divifions of bones, as it were colleded fragments, to the bignefs almoft of ones thumb, furnifhed and diftinguiflied by their proper commifTures, or fu¬ tures, which thing is very fit to be known to a Chirurgion in theufeof the Trepan. Verily he may give a conjedure hereof, whilft he feparates the Fericranmm from the skull, for the P£Ticrrf/2i//m is with greater difficulty pluck’d away from. the futures, becaufe the Crajfa meninx hath ftraiter connexion therewith by his nervous fibers fent forth in fuch places. The skulls in wo¬ men are fofter and thinner than in men, and in children more than in women, and in young men more than in men of a middle age. Alfo the Ethiopians and Black-moors, as alfo all theipeople in¬ habiting to the South, have their skulls more hard and compofed with fewer futures. Therefore, as it is written by Hippocrates^ fuch as have their skulls the (ofter, the fymptomes in fradures, are more dangerous and to be feared in them. But the skull by how much the fofter it is, by fb much it more eafily and readily yields to the perforating Trepan. Moreover in fome skulls, there be bunches ftanding out befides nature, fnade either round or cornered, which the Chirurge- on muft obfervefor two caufes i the firft is for the better confideration of a blow or fradure. For in thefe bunches or knots, the folution of the continuity cannot be, if it feem to be ftretched in length, but that the wound muft penetrate to the inner parts. For in a round body there can be no long wound, but it muft be deep, by the weapon forced the deeper *, becaufe as a round body touches a plain but only in pm&Oy in a prick or point: So whatfbever falls only lightly or fuperficially upon it, touches a point thereof. But on the contrary, a long wound muft be upon a plain furface, which may be but only fuperficial. Another caufe is, becaufe fuch bunches change the figure and fite of the futures. And the Chirur- gcon muft note, that the skull hath two tables, in the midft whereof the Viploe is j which is a fpongy fubftance into which many veins and arteries, and a certain flclhinefs are inferted, that the skull Ihould not be fb heavy, and that it might have within it felf provifion for the life thereof > and liftly, that there might be freer paifage out for the fuliginous vapours of the brain.