[Collection of engraved plates of the anatomy of the human body published by J. Johnson].

Date:
1806-1808
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: [Collection of engraved plates of the anatomy of the human body published by J. Johnson]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    HEAD. A A Parietal bones. B Occipital bone. C Temporal bone—The lowest dotted line points to the mastoid process; the middle one to the zygomatic process, going forward to meet a corresponding pro* cess from the cheek bone; and the upper line points out the flat or squamose portion of the bone. D Cheek bone, with its zygomatic process joined to a process from the temporal bone of the same name, by the zygomatic suture. a Two holes in the parietal bones, through which veins enter to the longitudinal sinus. I The sagittal suture. t The squamous suture. d Appendage to the lambdoid suture. cere The lower jaw—the two upper e e mark the con- dyloid processes, or the points of articulation, with the temporal bone. f That part of the upper jaw, called the alveolar process, which assists in forming the sockets for the teeth, and constitutes the lower fore part of the roof of the mouth : at the end of this dotted line, the point of the styliform process of the temporal bone is seen. g The inside of the lower jaw, with the alveolar process and its teeth, opposed to the teeth of the upper jaw. SPINE AND RIBS. 2 13 12 The twenty-four true vertebrae forming the greater part of the spine, and divided into vertebrae of the neck, vertebrae of the back, and vertebrae of the loins. 1 1 Are placed between the oblique processes of the vertebrae, of which there are two on each side, one above the figure of reference, the other below it; they are covered on one surface by a smooth car- tilage, which serves the purpose of articulation with the corresponding oblique processes of the vertebrae above and below, except the first and last vertebra; of these, one is articulated with the condyles of the occipital bone, the other with the 2 The transverse processes standing out laterally s those in the vertebrae of the neck generally project less than the others, are bifurcated, and have each a foramen for the passage of the vertebral artery; the first and second have not, in general, this bifurcation ; the transverse processes of the ver- tebrae of the back are more distinct, and project obliquely backwards; in the loins they are stronger and more directly transverse. 3 The spinous processes of the vertebrae in the neck; except tile first, they are int general bifurcated. In the back they are turned more obliquely downwards; but as they approach the loins they become more horizontal and are stronger; in the loins they are larger and nearly horizontal. E The lowest or seventh vertebra of the neck. F The lowest or twelfth vertebra of the back—The five vertebrae below this are those of the loins. i nil The sacrum or first set of false vertebrae ; i i i i i A z 3 the posterior holes of the sacrum; nnnn spinous processes of the sacrum j near i i i are the remains of the transverse processes; h a deficiency of bone at the lower extremity of the sacrum, supplied, during life, by ligament; partof the bodies of the fourth and fifth vertebrae are seen through this deficiency. mo Coccyx, tail bone, or second set of false vertebrae— (m) the first bone of the coccyx articulated with the lower extremity of the sacrum; (<>) the lower extremity of the coccyx and termination of the spine. a/3y£e!;r)0MtX(/. The twelve ribs—The first seven are called true ribs, from having their cartilages ar- ticulated with the sternum; the other five, false ribs, from not having their cartilages so affixed; the posterior extremities are articulated to the bodies of the vertebrae, mostly at the junction of two ; at the part where the rib is hid by the end of the transverse process; (2) is a small smooth cartilage, which is articulated with a similar one on the an- terior surface of the process. SUPERIOR EXTREMITY, OR ARM. G Clavicle or collar-bone. H klm no Scapula or shoulder bone—o superior angle; l inferior angle; A cervix or neck; on this neck is bome a broad superficial cavity, facing outwardly, and covered with a smooth cartilage for receiving the round head of the arm bone ; in n the spine of the scapula; n that part of the spine called acro- mion ; the superior edge o A' is called the superior costa; A l the inferior costa; and o l the base : the whole triangular surface u A l is sometimes called dorsum. \p qr s t Tine arm bone or humerus—p the posterior great tubercle; r a part of the round articulating head covered with cartilage; q the external con- dyle ; s the internal condyle ; t a cavity situated between the condyles behind for receiving a por- tion of the olecranon in extension of the fore arm. Km The ulna or larger bone of the fore arm—u the olecranon or great protuberance, covered on the fore part with cartilage, and principally concerned in the formation of the elbow joint; r the lower or lesser end of the ulna, on which the radius plays; x a projecting process called stiliform. hrw The radius or lesser bone of the fore arm—r the upper extremity of the bone, furnished with a su- perficial socket, and covered with cartilage for articulation, with the round head at the external condyle of the humerus; (y) a smooth cartilage at tire inner side of the head, by which it is articulated with, and rolls in a corresponding hollow of the ulna; (to) tlie lower or greater extremity by which it is articulated with, and rolls on the lower extremity of the ulna, and affords articulation to the first row of carpal or wrist bones. I 2 S -t The first row of carpal or wrist bones—1 The navicular bone ; 2 the lunar bone ; 3 the cuneiform bone; 4 the pisiform or pea-like bone : these con- stitute the first row of carpal bones: the diree former are articulated at one extremity with the radius, and roll with it on die ulna; at the odier extremity they are articulated with the second row, and later- ally with each other. S 6 7 8 The second row of carpal bones—5 the tra- pezial bone ; 6 the trapezoid bone ; 7 the os mag- num or great bone ; B dm unciform bone ; these are articulated at the extremity next the arm with the first row of carpal bones, laterally with each other, and at the extremity next die hand, widi the metacarpal bones of the hand. g 10 11 12 The four metacarpal bones of the fingers— 9 of the little finger ; 10 of tha third or ring fin- ger ; 11 of the middle finger ; 12 of the first finger. 14 15 16 17 The first row or phalanx of finger bones. 18 19 20 21 The second row of finger bones, or second phalanx. 22 23 24 25 The third order of finger bones, or third phalanx. 13 The metacarpal bone or first phalanx of the thumb. 2b The second phalanx of the thumb. 27 The third phalanx of the thumb. The bones of these phalanges, except the last, are fur- nished with an articulating cartilage at each ex- tremity 28 Two sesamoid bones of the thumb. OSSA INNOM1NATA AND LOWER EXTRE- MITIES. \ a B C Os ilium or hip bone. AlB Spine of the ilium. i C b The great or sacro ischiatic notch ; b c e ischium or hitch bone ; b spinous process; c tuberosity of the ischium; c e ascending ramus of the ischium; e g J the pubis or share bone. list The femur or thigh bone ; A the head of the bone, shewing some of the articulating portion ; l the cervix or neck of the bone; o the great tro- chanter ; p the lesser trochanter; q r a rough ridge in the posterior part of the bone ; s the internal condyle; t the external condyle ; u v portions of the bone covered with cartilage for articulation with the tibia. ; j Interarticular cartilage. J) G Tibia or greater bone of the leg, articulated to the thigh bone, to form die knee joint; G the in- ner ancle. E F The fibula or lesser bone of the leg; F the outer ancle. ] The astragalus. S Calcaneum or heel bone. j Lesser cuneiform bone. 4 8 Middle cuneiform bone. 5 Cubicular bone. Navicular bone. Metatarsal bone of the great toe. i Metatarsal bones of the other toes.