A manual of practical hygiene / by Edmund A. Parkes ... Ed. by F. S. B. François de Chaumont.

  • Edmund Alexander Parkes
Date:
1884
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A manual of practical hygiene / by Edmund A. Parkes ... Ed. by F. S. B. François de Chaumont. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University Libraries/Information Services, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University.

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    Gallons per head of popu- lation daily. Southampton Water-Work Company, 1879 35 Glasgow Water-Work Company, 1879 50 Edinburgh 35 Liverpool 30 ' Sheffield 20 Paris 31 Calcutta (for Europeans),'' amount originally intended. 30? (for Natives), amount originally intended.... 15 ? New York' 83 In 1857 the average supply to fourteen EngHsh towns, of second-rate magnitude, was 24 gallons. The average of 72 English and Scotch towns, supplied on the constant system, is 131.4 gallons per house (but this in- cludes the sujDply to factories, of which there were 16,087 to 889,028 houses), or (at 5 persons to each house), 26.7 per head; of 23 towns, sup- pHed on the intermittent system, 127 per house, 25.4 head, including 1,367 factories to 137,414 houses ; and of London, also on the intermittent sys- tem, 204, or 41 per head, including 5,340 factories to 499,582 houses. The range in indi^ddual cases is, however, very great, from 25 gallons per house (5 per head) in one small town to 700 at IVliddlesborough (140 per head). ]\Ir. Bateman states that in the manufacturing towns of Lancashke and Yorkshire, the present amount is from 16 to 21 gallons ; in some cases less. ° At Norwich about 14| gallons daily per head are supplied on the con- stant system, of which 10.5 are taken for domestic purposes, 3 for trade, and .7 gallons for public and sanitary pm-poses. In Manchester the sup- ply is also constant, and is 14 gallons per head for domestic, and 7 for trade purposes. In 1878 in fifteen American cities the supply was on the average 55 gallons per head.' By decision of the Secretary of State for War, a soldier receives 15 gal- lons daily ; no extra allowance is made for the wives and children in a regiment. The gross amount thus taken is used for different pui-poses, which must be now considered. Amount for Domestic Purposes, excluding Water-Closets. This item includes drinking, cooking, washing the person, the clothes, the house utensils, and the house. ' See pag-e 15. ^ The daily supply in Calcutta was, in 1871, 5,000,000 gallons of filtered water; in 1879 it was 7^ millions and 1,000.000 gallons unfiltered for watering roads. This, however, after all deductions, only left o gallons per head for domestic purposes. A new scheme is in progress, which will provide 8,000,OUO more daily, thus securing 12 gallons per head. ^ In former editions this was stated at 300, but it is given as 100 (?) in Buck's Hy- giene and Public Health. These are, however, U. S. gallons, equal to 83 imperial gallons. ^ Sixth Report of the Rivers Pollution Commissioners, pp. 232, 233. ^ See table in the Sixth Report of the Rivers Pollution Commissioners * Report by Dr. Pole, F.R.S. Enormous saving was accomplished by taking steps to prevent waste. ' Dr. P. H. Brown, in Buck's Hygiene, vol. i., p. 180. A table is also given by Prof. W. R. Nichols (p. 212) showing the supply to eighteen cities, ranging from 20 imperial gallons in Louisville to 116 in Washington.