Volume 1

Clinical diagnosis : case examination and the analysis of symptoms / by Alfred Martinet.

  • Martinet, Alfred, 1868-1922.
Date:
1922
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Clinical diagnosis : case examination and the analysis of symptoms / by Alfred Martinet. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    lis) and the physiopathological (auriculoventriciilar dissocia¬ tion) components. Such is the ideal end which we must strive to attain in our diagnoses : A complete diagnosis is the sum of the four following par¬ tial diagnoses: The clinical or syndromatic diagnosis, based on the character¬ istic features of a given clinical type of case. The lesional or pathological diagnosis, the seat of the original lesion. The functional or physiological diagnosis, dealing with the manner of production of the functional disturbances observed. The causal or etiological diagnosis, dealing with the specific cause of the disease. Circulatory disorders now afford numerous examples of a complete diagnosis. Among these may be mentioned : Inter¬ mittent claudication (the clinical diagnosis), arising through insufficient circulatory supply during locomotion (the functional diagnosis), dependent in turn upon a non-obliterating arteritis (the lesional diagnosis), which is of diabetic origin (the etio¬ logical diagnosis). Many diagnoses include, embodied in them, all the components mentioned. Examples: Acute lobar pneumonia comprises as its intrinsic components: A clinical component (the well-known symptom- complex of pneumonia;—pain in the side, rise of temperature, characteristic expectoration, etc.) ; a pathological component (hyperemia with fibrinous exudation, consolidation of one or more pulmonary lobes) ; an etiological component (pneumococ¬ cus), and various physiopathological components accounting for the production of many of the symptoms (fever, dyspnea, pain in the side, etc.). Cerebrospinal meningitis : A clinical component (the symptom- complex comprising rigidity of the neck and back, Kernig’s sign, rise of temperature, etc.) ; a pathological component (localiza¬ tion of the disease in the cerebrospinal meninges) ; an etiological