A practical treatise on the diseases of the lungs : including the principles of physical diagnosis / by Walter Hayle Walshe.

  • Walshe, Walter Hayle, 1812-1892.
Date:
1860
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A practical treatise on the diseases of the lungs : including the principles of physical diagnosis / by Walter Hayle Walshe. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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    teriorly by the infra-mammary, posteriorly by the infra-scapular, and below by the edges of the false ribs, this region contains on both sides the lower edge of the lung sloping downwards from before to behind, with, on the right side, the liver, and, on the left, the spleen and stomach. 18. Upper Scapular and Lower Scapular.—Have the same boun- daries as the fossae of the scapula, and correspond to lung-substance. 19. Infra-Scapular.—Above, the inferior angle of the scapula and the seventh dorsal vertebra; below, the twelfth rib; outside, the posterior edge of the infra-axillary region; inside, the spine. ^ Im- mediately underneath the surface, as far as the eleventh rib, lie the lungs; on the right side, the liver from the level of the rib just named to the lower edge of the region; on the left, the intestines, occupying some of the inner part of the region, and the spleen of the outer. Close to the spine, on each side, but somewhat more on the left than the right; a small portion of the kidney encroaches on this region, and along its inner edge, on the former side, runs the descending aorta. 20. Inter-Scapular.—Occupying the space lying between the inner edge of the scapula and the spines of the dorsal vertebrae from the second to the sixth; this region contains on both sides lung-sub- stance, the main bronchi, and the bronchial glands. It also incloses, on the left side, the oesophagus, and, from the third or fourth ver- tebra downwards, the descending aorta. The bifurcation of the trachea takes place at the middle line, between the two regions, with some inclination, however, to the right side. METHODS OF PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS. 21. We propose here to give a general description of the various methods of physical diagnosis, and in the case of each method shall successively examine: Its nature; its direct or immediate object; the manner of practising it; the conditions which are discovered by its means in the healthy state; such deviations from the ordinary standard of these conditions as are, nevertheless, compatible with health; and, lastly, the deviations from that standard, which are actually morbid and constitute signs of disease. SECTION I.—INSPECTION. 22. By inspection of the chest, as a method of physical diagnosis, is understood simply the ocular examination of its external sur- face; by inspection are ascertained the conditions of exterior form and size of the cavity, and of the movements of its walls. The form of the chest is to be considered in respect of its general configuration, and the shape of its various parts. The size of the cavity is less im- portant considered as a whole than as composed of two divisions; the relative dimensions of these being the point of real consequence. The movements of the chest are general and partial: the general class