Volume 1

Universal technological dictionary, or, Familiar explanations of the terms used in all arts and sciences containing definitions drawn from the original writers, and illustrated by plates, epigrams, cuts, &c. / by George Crabb.

Date:
1823
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Universal technological dictionary, or, Familiar explanations of the terms used in all arts and sciences containing definitions drawn from the original writers, and illustrated by plates, epigrams, cuts, &c. / by George Crabb. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

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    MTA JSTE ^STIVA'LIA [Archeeol.) a species of greaves or buskins worn in summer. wiESTIVA'LIS [Astron.) from JEstaSi summer; yEstival, an epithet for the summer solstice. ^Estiva'lis (Bot.) or cestivus, an epithet for flowers that blossom in the summer, i. e. summer flowers. .^ISTIVA'TIO (Bot.) estivation, the time when flowers ar- rive at their perfection, or, as Martin defines it, the dispo- sition of the petals within the floral gem or bud, of which Linnaeus speaks more at large under the head of the sleep of plants, [vide Somnus] .ESTPHA'RA [Med.) incineratio. .ESTUA'RIUM {Med.) estuary. -■ESTUA'l'IO (Ckem.) the fermenting of liquor when mixed. ..E'STUS mai bnis {Pliy.) seu reciprocalio maris, the tide, or flux and reflux, which is triple according to the difference in the times.—7Estus diurnus, what happens within the space of twenty-four hours.—JEstus mcnsiruus, what happens twice in the month at new and full moon.—/I-lstus animus, what happens twice in the year at the equinoxes. .■ESYMNE'TyE {Ant.) ctitrvfA^vnrctt, a name for rulers whose authority equalled that of kings, to which the dignity of dictator, among the Romans, is supposed to have owed it.>< origin. Ari4vt. Polit.X. 3, c. \5; Hesijchins ; Alexand. ab Alexand. 1. 4, c. 13. .E'TAS i)Juudi (Mij.) the poets divide the age of the world into four periods according to the manners of the age.— JElas aurea, the golden age in the reign of Saturn, when men lived in innocence and simplicity. Ovid. Met. 1. 1, V. 89. Aurea prima sata est irtas qua, vindice nulla Sponte sua, sine lege,Jidem rectumque coteliut. JEtas argentea, the silver age at the beginning of Jupiter's reign, when they showed propensities to evil. Ovid. Met. 1, I, v. 11 k Sub Jote mundus erat: subiit argentea proles Auro detericfTifulio prictiosior are. jEfas area, the brazen age followed soon after, when they commenced war and rapine. Ovid. Met. 1. 1, V. 126. Savicyr ingeniis, el ad luyrrida promptior arma. Ailtas ferrea, the iron age, when vice became prevalent. Ovid'. Met. 1. 1, V. 127. Ni-c scelerata tamen. Do duro est ultima ferro Protiiiui irrumpit vena pejvris in avum Omtte nefus. JEtas kominis {Atit.) dimensio vita, according to Scaliger, i. c. properly human life, or that space of life on which the frame of the body begins to undergo a notable change, as—.^tns augmenti, uvl/.<riac, while it is increasing after the birth.—jEtas consist entice, «>;(«/?'„ the middle state, while it is neither increasing nor decreasing.—/Etas de- crementi, p!,oipxvirioji, while it is on the decline. Mtas, human life was likewise divided into the following stages; namely—Ai,lns iirfans, quod adhuc fari nescit, the time from the birth to the seventh year.—Mtns pueritia, a puritate, from the seventh to the fourteenth year.—AUas adolcscenticc, quod sit ad gigncndum ad- ductus, from the age of puberty to the twenty-eighth year.— A''tas Juvcniutis quod juvare posse incijnat, from tiie prime of life to the age of fifty.—Alias Senectutis, a sen.'ius diminulione, old aae to the end of life. Aristot. de Vit. et Mort.; Isid. Orig. 1. ] 1, c. 2. AUtas, the age, or period of' life, was also distinguished among the Romans according to their offices, as— jEtas Aldilitia, the age to be elected to the a^dilesliip is supposed to have been not before thirty-seven, although the time is not precisely fixed by any law.—Mlas con- sularis, the age for the consulship was forty-three.— ^tas urhani magistratui, the age fof a civic magistrate was twenty-seven. Polyb. 1. 6, c. 17.— Altas jiidicum, the age for being appointed judges was not to be under thirty nor above sixty by the law of Augustus Sueion. in August, c 32.—Ai,tas Prcetoria, the age for the praetor- ship was forty, for it preceded the consulship by two years, and followed the aedileship after an interval of two years. Cic. ad Fam. 1. 10, ep. 25.—Altas militaris, the age to be enlisted was seventeen, to be discharged forty-five. Polyb. 1. 4, c. 17 ; Dionys. 1. 4, p. 221 ; Aul. Gell. 1. 10, c. 28.—Mtas Qucestoria, &c. the age for serving the office of quaestor, tribune, &c. is supposed to have been twenty-seven, or at least not earlier. Vel. Pater. 1. 2, c. 94; Zrec. Anital. 1. 3, c. 29; Sueton. in Cnl. c. 1 ; Dio. 1. 53; Sparlinn. in Did. Julian, c. 1.— Altas Senatoria, the age for admission into the senate is not defined by ancient writers, but is supposed to have succeeded the quasstorship. Gruch. de Comit.; Manut. de Leg. Roman.; Sigon. de Antiq, Jur. Civ. Roman.; Alex. Gen. Dier. ; August, de Leg. in Vill. Annal.; Hot- man, de Rit. Nupt,; Lips, de Mngistrat. Rom.; Demster. Paralip. ad Ant Ros.; Grcev. Thes. Ant. Rom. torn. 1, &c. jEtas mundi (Cliron.) vide Age. .(ETA'TE probanda {Laiv) a writ of inquiry, whether the heir of a tenant that held of the king in chief by chivalry be of full age. Reg. Orig. 294. TETE'RNA {Num.) vide Aternitas. iETERNA'LES {Ecc.) a sect of heretics that maintained the eternity of the world a parte post, i e. that after the resurrection it should continue the same as it now is. ^TE'RNITAS {My.) Eternity was worshipped as a god by the ancients, of which the Pythagoreans, Plato and Hermes Trismegistus made time to be the image. Gi/rald, Synt. Deor. 1. 1, p. 59. TEteiinitas {Nu7nis.) Eternity was represented in various forms on medals, sometimes under the figure of the sun and moon for their durability ; sometimes 'iy the elephant for its length of years, as on a medal of Faustina, ^o'. 1, Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. where a chariot is drawn by two elephants; sometimes by a phoenix and a globe, the one for its long life, and the other for its supposed eternity, as on a medal of Faustina, where a female figure is holding a phoenix and a globe, fi<r. 2. There were besides several other representations, as of a serpent winding itself round a globe, or with its tail brought down to its mouth, or of a figure veiled to imply that eternity is inscrutable, or of a head with two faces, implying that it can see backwards and forward.s. On a medal of Faustina, fg. 3, eternity is represented as carrying this empress to heaven, and holding a lighted flambeau in her hand. The medals of the emperors re- presenting eternity refer most commonly to the perpetuity of the government in their own family. The emperors, whose medals had the figure of eternity, were Augustus, Vespasian, Titus, Domilian, Severus, Caracalla, Geta, Alexander Severus, Gordianus Philippus, Gallienus, Clau- dius Gotthicns, Quiniilian, and Maximian. The inscrip- tions on the medals were as follow : , AETERNITAS.—AETERNITAS. AUG. or AUGG.~ AETERNITAS. FLAVIORUM. —AETERNITAS, IMP or IMPERII.—AETERNITATI AUGUSTI