Tables of temperatures of the sea at different depths beneath the surface : reduced and collated from the various observations made between the years 1749 and 1868, discussed / by Joseph Prestwich.

  • Prestwich, Joseph, 1812-1896.
Date:
1875
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Tables of temperatures of the sea at different depths beneath the surface : reduced and collated from the various observations made between the years 1749 and 1868, discussed / by Joseph Prestwich. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

    3/98
    [From the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, yoI. 165, pt. 2.] £ XXI. Tables of Temperatures of the Sea at different Depths beneath the Surface, reduced and collated from the various observations made between the years 1749 and 18GS, discussed. With Map and Sections. By Joseph Prestwich, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S. Received May 14,—Read June 18, 1874. Contents. § I. Introduction § II. Historical Narrative of Deep-sea Observations, 1749-1868 Ellis, Cook, Forster, Phipps, Saussure, Peron, Krusenstern, Scoresby, Kotzebue, Wauchope, Abel, John Ross, Parry, Sabine, Franklin, Emil. Lenz, Eeochey, Blossville, D’Urville, FitzRoy, Graah, Berard, Du Petit-Thouars, Vaillant, Martins and Bravais, Pratt, Wilkes, James Ross, Aime, Spratt, Belcher, Kellett, Dayman, Armstrong-, Bache, Maury, Pullen, Wullerstorf, Walker, Kundson, Ed. Lenz, Wallich, Shortland, Chimmo. Methods of Observation employed,—their Relative Merits Corrections for Pressure,—Du Petit-Thouars, Martins, Aime, Miller § III. Summary of the preceding Observations. Original opinions of Lenz and Du Petit-Thouars Opinions of D’Urville, James Ross, and Wilkes Maximum Density and Freezing-Point of Sea-water Corrected Reading of Temperatures in Tropical, Arctic, Antarctic, and Inland Seas § IV. Hypotheses and Remarks of Humboldt, Arago, Lenz, and others § V. General Conclusions. Different value of the old observations Position of the Bathymetrical Isotherms in the Atlantic from Spitzbergen and Baffin’s Bay to the Antarctic Ocean; in the Pacific from Behring’s Strait to the Antarctic Continent Undercurrents of Polar Waters:—their Rise in Equatorial Regions of the Atlantic Effects of the Polar deep undercurrents on the Oceanic surface-currents Inland Seas dependent on local Climatal Conditions Bearing of the subject on some Geological Problems Final Propositions Lists of Observations :—Northern Hemisphere; Southern Hemisphere ; Inland Seas Page 587 590 610 612 613 614 616 617 623 630 631 634 635 636 637 637 639 § I. Introduction. This communication, the result of an inquiry having originally reference to the bearing of the subject on certain geological questions, was commenced more than twenty years ago, but abandoned for a time, partly owing to the pressure of other engagements, and partly waiting moie accurate information of the range of life at depths*. The great impulse given to these questions by the more recent expeditions of the ‘ Lightning ’ * A few of the geological questions were, however, noticed, and some of the early deep-sea temperature- observations given, in the author’s Anniversary Address to the Geological Society of February 1871, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxvii. pp. xliii-lxxv. MDCCCLXXV. 4 K