Sioux performing a bear dance. Coloured lithograph by G. Catlin, 1844.

Based on sketches of the dance near Fort Pierre, South Dakota, in 1832. "The Sioux, like all the others of these western tribes, are fond of bear's meat, and must have good stores of the "bear's-grease" laid in, to oil their long and glossy locks, as well as the surface of their bodies. And they all like the fine pleasure of a bear hunt, and also a participation in the bear dance, which is given several days in succession, previous to their starting out, and in which they all join in a song to the Bear Spirit; which they think holds somewhere an invisible existence, and must be consulted and conciliated before they can enter upon their excursion with any prospect of success. For this grotesque and amusing scene, one of the chief medicine-men placed over his body the entire skin of a bear, with a war-eagle's quill on his head, taking the lead in the dance and looking through the skin which formed a masque that hung over his face." (G. Catlin, Letters and notes, London 1841, loc. cit.)