The complete farmer: or, a general dictionary of husbandry, in all its branches; containing the various methods of cultivating and improving every species of land, according to the precepts of both the old and new husbandry ... To which is now first added the gardener's kalendar. Calculated for the use of farmers and country gentlemen.

Date:
1769
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The complete farmer: or, a general dictionary of husbandry, in all its branches; containing the various methods of cultivating and improving every species of land, according to the precepts of both the old and new husbandry ... To which is now first added the gardener's kalendar. Calculated for the use of farmers and country gentlemen. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    the wood is more agreeable. From this tree is extracted a white odoriferous refin. The aphernoufli is of a healthy, vigorous nature, and will bear removing when it is young, even in dry warm weather. The wood makes excellent firing in floves, ovens, and kilns ; but is dangerous to be ufed on the hearth or in grates, being apt to fplinter and fly to aeon- fiderable diftance. This tree is the pinus cembra of Matthioli and LinnreuSj thepinusfoliis quinism Haller, the larixfe?nper-virens in the German Ephemeris, the libanus carpathius of fome writers, and thepina cinque feiieilles, N° 20. in Du Hamel. It grows in great abundance on the moil mountainous and coldeil parts of the Brianqonnois, where it is called by the natives alviez. It bears fome refemblance to the white Canada pine, which is better known in England by the name of Weymouth-pine. EJJays on Hujbandry. APIARY, a bee-garden, or place where bees are kept. See the article Bees. . APOPLEXY, or, as the farriers generally call it, the J1 aggers, a difeafe to which the horfe is fubjedl, and by which the creature drops down fuddenly without fenfe or motion, except a working of his flanks, proceeding from the motion of the heart and lungs, which never ccafes while any fpark of life remains. The previous fymptoms are drowfinefs, watry moift eyes, fomewhat full and inflamed, a difpofition to reel, feeblenefs, a bad appetite, and almoft continual hanging of the head, or refting it in his manger, fometimes with little or no fever, and fcarce any alteration in the dung or urine. When the apoplexy proceeds from water collect¬ ed in the finufes and ventricles of the brain, the hoife has generally, befides all the foregoing fymptoms, a difpofi¬ tion to rear up, and is apt to fall back, when any one goes to handle him about his head. The reafon of his falling backwards feems to be obvious, becaufe when the head is raifed with his mouth upwards, the water in the ventricles (caufes a Aveight upon the cerebellum, or part lying under the brain, and origin of the nerves, fo as to deprive the creature of fenfe and motion at once: this does not, how¬ ever, prove fuddenly mortal. Young horfes are mofl fub- je£t to it, and, with proper helps, and good ufage, fome¬ times get over it: but when the apoplexy proceeds from wounds or blows on the head, or from any other caufe producing ruptures in the blood-veffels, or from matter colleCled in the brain, or its membranes ; or if any part of the brain or its membranes be indurated, or grown callous, by long continuance, the horfe will not only have mofl of the fymptoms already deferibed, but will be fran¬ tic by fits, efpecially after his feeds, fo as to flart and fly into motion at every thing that comes near him. Thefe cafes are extremely dangerous, and feldom admit of a perfeCl recovery. But when horfes fall down fud¬ denly and work violently at their flanks, without any abi¬ lity to rife, even after plentiful bleeding, fuch horfes fel¬ dom recover. All that can be done in fuch cafes is to {trike the veins In feveral parts at once, to raife up the horfe s head and fhoulders, propping them with plenty of ftraw ; and if he furvive the fit, to cut feveral rowels; though in cafe of ruptured veffels, or if any kind of extraneous matter be lodged on the brain, or its membranes, all thefe helps will be of little fervice. But if the apopleCtic fit happens to be only the effeCt of a plethora, or fulnefs of blood, horn high feeding, and want of fufficient exercife ; or if it be the effeCt of a fi?y blood, which is often the cafe of many young horfes, that have been fed for fale, or from catching cold while the blood is in this flate, the cure will not be attended with any great difficulty, notwithflanding a horfe, in thefe cir- cumftances, may' reel and flagger, and fometimes fall down fuddenly. Firft of all bleed plentifully, and keep the horfe for fome time to an opening diet of fealded bran, and fome¬ times fealded barley, leffening the quantity of his hay. After two days repeat the bleeding, but in a fmaller de¬ gree. If the horfe has a cold, it will be proper to give him peCtoral drinks, proper for that diforder. See Coj,d. But if no fymptom of a cold appear it will be neceffary, after bleeding and a fpare diet, to give him two or three purges, not only to remove the plethora or fulnefs but to attenuate and thin his blood, for which the following is recommended. “ Take of the fineft fuccotrine aloes, an ounce and a quarter ; frefli jallop, two drams ; fait of tartar, three drams ; native cinnabar, or the cinnabar of antimony half an ounce ; make it into a ball with a fufficient quantity of fyrup of rofes or marfhmallows ; adding twenty or thirty drops of chemical oil of annifeeds, making the whole into a ball, rolling it in liquorice-powder.” The purge may be made ftronger or weaker by in- creafing or diminilhing the jallap. Let this be repeated two or three times, and the horfe will probably recover, without a relapfe. Powder of antimony, or its prepara¬ tions, as the liver, the crocus metallorum, its cinnabar, or the native cinnabar, mixed with equal parts of gum guaiacum, may be alfo given in ounce dofes, for three or four weeks, to mend his blood, and take off its fizinefs. Norfliould ex¬ ercife, as foon as the horfe is able to bear it, be omitted. When a horfe drops down fuddenly with hard riding, or violent driving, it in many refpeCts refembles an apo¬ plexy, and all the organs of the head are affeCted as in an apoplexy ; but as this proceeds only from the extraor¬ dinary rarefaction of the blood, and its rapid motion, whereby the fmall veffels of the brain, heart, and lungs, are fo extremely diftended as to caufe an univerfal pref- fure on the origin of the nerves ; the horfe by this means lofes all fenfe and motion, and generally falls fuddenly, efpecially upon any fudden flop ; becaufe when the bodily motion ceafes, the circulation of the blood in the veins is not accelerated in proportion to its influx from the ar¬ teries, which foon produces a fuffocation and a falling down, without fenfe or motion. Inftances of this kind are not uncommon, efpecially in very hot weather, when the external heats adds greatly to the blood’s mo¬ tion and rarefa&ion. But as we fuppofe in this cafe, little or no fault in the blood, except, perhaps, a ple¬ thora, or weaknefs of the veffels, the quickeft and readiefl remedy is bleeding ; and unlefs the horfe dies with the violence of the fall, which fometimes happens, or by burfting the fmall veffels of the brain or lungs, or hap¬ pens through polipufes in the heart or principal veins, he will foon rife of himfelf, or without much help, and may be preferved from fuch accidents for the future, by bet¬ ter ufage. Gihfon cn the Difeafes of Horfes. APPETITE, a certain painful or uneafy fenfation, always accompanied with a defire to eat or drink. Horfes, more than mofl other creatures, are fubjedt to difeafes of the ftomach, particularly to a want of appetite, and a vitiated, or voracious appetite. JFcnt