Lecture notes for chemical students / by Edward Frankland.

Date:
1872
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Lecture notes for chemical students / by Edward Frankland. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

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    or more atoms of carhon of loliich one or more honds are unsatis- fied; and it is either a monad, dyad,^c. radical, according to the numher of monad atoms required to complete its active atomicity. Such a radical, when a monad, triad, or pentad, cannot exist as a separate group ; like hydrogen or nitrogen, when isolated, it combines with another group of atoms like itself, forming a duplex molecule. It is only by this union of two semi- molecules that the vacated bonds can be satisfied. The following are two of the principal series of compound orpfanic radicals :— Monads. Methyl Ethyl Propyl Butyl Amyl or ch; as, or JMe iMe JEt \Et Pr Pr JBu IBu I Ay lAy Methylene. Ethylene . Propylene . Butylene . Amylene . Dyads. CH„ or Me*. G,H, or Et' C3H„ or Pr' or Bu, or Ay. Organic radicals are the analogues of the monad, dyad, and triad elements of mineral chemistry. Such being the constitution of the organic radicals, we will now proceed to investigate their functions in organic com- pounds, and to examine the general plan upon which these compounds are, on the atomic hypothesis, built up. We shall be assisted in our investigation if we reduce the formulae of these compounds to a few types or fundamental forms. In doing this it is necessary to avoid, as far as possible, all empirical grouping of atoms. Our formulge ought to express, as exactly as possible, how the elements are combined with each other. Thus in a compound containing C^H^^O^, the formula ought to show, first, whether the hydrogen is combined with carbon or with oxygen; or if combined with both, it should indicate how many atoms are united with carbon, and how * Only known in combination. B 2