Dengue / by Andrew Davidson.

  • Andrew Davidson
Date:
[date of publication not identified]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Dengue / by Andrew Davidson. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    east. It was widely prevalent from 1826-28 in the Southern States of the Union, in the West India Islands, and at some points, at least, of the South American continent (Carthagena and Bogota). Dengue was now distinguished from other fevers, and, as a conse¬ quence, after this pandemy had subsided, we meet with numerous accounts of limited outbreaks in various regions. It was observed in Arabia in 1835; in India in 1836, 1844, 1847, and 1853-54; in Egypt in 1845; in Senegambia in 1845-48, 1856, and 1865-67 ; in Tahiti repeatedly from 1847-56; in Rio de Janeiro in 1845-49; in Callao and Lima in 1851; in Cayenne in 1864; in the Southern States of the Union in 1844, 1850, and 1854; in Havana in 1854, and in Martinique in 1860; in Bermuda in 1837, 1860, and 1863; in Spain and Teneriffe in 1865-67; Port Said in 1868; in Mauritius and Reunion in 1851. The third pandemic extension of dengue began with its appearance in Zanzibar in 1870, where it seems, according to the recollections of the older inhabitants, to have raged during the former pandemic period (1824-28). Prom this point it spread to Aden, with which Zanzibar is commercially connected, and thence westwards along the Arabian coast to Port Said, and eastwards to India. From Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras, as centres, it spread along the lines of com¬ munication to most parts of the east and west coasts of the peninsula, and inland to the foot of the Himalayas. The epidemy did not rest confined to India, but extended to Burma, Siam, Cochin-China, Java, Celebes, Sumatra, and other islands of this region. It further appeared in 1873 in Mauritius and Reunion, where it was introduced by coolie immigrants from India, and the same year it broke out in some of the Southern States of the Union. After the subsidence of this outbreak, dengue has only appeared in limited epidemies, such as that at Benghazi in Tripoli in 1878 (where it had already been observed in 1856); on the Gulf Coast of North America in 1880; in New Caledonia in 1884-85; in Fiji, for the first time, in 1885; at Port Said in 1885, and again in wide extension throughout Egypt in 1887. The summer of 1889 witnessed an extension of dengue to both shores of the ZEgean and to most of the islands of the Archipelago excepting Crete. Beyrout and Jaffa were invaded in June, and somewhat later it broke out suc¬ cessively in Smyrna, Constantinople, and Salonika, reaching Athens towards the end of summer. It is said to have spread over the whole of Asia Minor and the Lebanon, visiting localities situated at elevations of 4000 and 5000 feet. At Smyrna it is calculated that 150,000 out of a population of 200,000 were attacked; at Jaffa very few escaped the malady. i
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