A textbook of physiology : for medical students and physicians / by William H. Howell.

  • Howell, William H. (William Henry), 1860-1945.
Date:
1908, ©1907
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A textbook of physiology : for medical students and physicians / by William H. Howell. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.

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    PAGE Chapter V.—The Nature of the Nerve Impulse and the Nutri- tive Relations of Nerve Fiber and Nerve Cell 104 Historical, 104.—Velocity of the Nerve Impulse, 105.—Relation of the Nerve Impulse to the Wave of Negativity, 107.—Direction of Conduction in the Nerve, 107.—Effect of Various Influences on the Nerve Impulse, 109.—The Fatigue of Nerve Fibers, 110.—The Metabolism of the Nerve Fiber during Functional Activity, 112.—Theories of the Nerve Impulse, 113.—Qualitative Differences in Nerve Impulses, 115.—Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies, 116.—Nutritive Relations of Nerve Fibers and Nerve Cells, 117.—Nerve Degen- eration and Regeneration, 118.—Degenerative Changes in the Central End of the Neuron, 121. SECTION II. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Chapter VI.—Structure and General Properties of the Nerve Cell 123 The Neuron Doctrine, 123.—The Varieties of Neurons, 125.—Internal Structure of the Nerve Cell, 127.—General Physiology of the Nerve Cell, 129.—Sum- mation of Stimuli in Nerve Cells, 131.—Response of the Nerve Cell to Varying Rates of Stimulation, 132.—The Refractory Period of the Nerve Cell, 133. Chapter VII.—Reflex Actions 134 Definition and Historical, 134.—The Reflex Arc, 134.—The Reflex Frog, 136.— Spinal Reflex Movements, 136.—Theory of Co-ordinated Reflexes, 138.—Spinal Reflexes in Mammals, 139.—Dependence of Co-ordinated Reflexes upon the Excitation of the Sensory Endings, 139.—Reflex Time, 140.—Inhibition of Reflexes, 140.—Influence of the Condition of the Cord on its Reflex Activities, 142.—Reflexes from Other Parts of the Nervous System, 143.—Reflexes Through Peripheral Ganglia, Axon Reflexes, 144.—The Tonic Activity of the Spinal Cord, 145.—Effects of the Removal of the Spinal Cord, 145.—Knee-jerk, 147.—Reinforcement of the Knee-jerk, 147.—Is the Knee-jerk a Reflex Act? 149.—Conditions Influencing the Extent of the Knee-jerk, 150.—The Knee- jerk and Spinal Reflexes as Diagnostic Signs, 151.—Location of the Centers for the Different Spinal Reflexes, 152. Chapter VIII.—The Spinal Cord as a Path of Conduction 155 Arrangement and Classification of the Nerve Cells in the Cord, 155.—General Relations of the Gray and White Matter in the Cord, 157.—The Methods of Determining the Tracts of the Cord, 157.—General Classification of the Tracts of the Cord, 158.—The Names and Locations of the Long Tracts, 160.— The Termination in the Cord of the Fibers of the Posterior Root, 161.—Ascend- ing or Afferent Paths in the Posterior Columns, 162.—Ascending or Afferent Paths in the Lateral Columns, 165.—The Spinal Paths for the Cutaneous Senses (Touch, Pain, Temperature), 167.—The Homolateral or Contralateral Conduction of the Cutaneous Impulses, 168.—The Descending or Efferent Paths in the Anterolateral Columns (Pj'ramidal System), 168.—Less Well- known Tracts in the Cord, 170. Chapter IX.—The General Physiology of the Cerebrum and Its Motor Functions 173 The Histology of the Cortex, 174.—The Classification of the Systems of Fibers in the Cerebrum (Projection, Association, and Commissural), 175.—Physio- logical Deductions from the Histology of the Cortex, 177.—Extirpation of the Cerebrum, 179.—Localization of Functions in the Cerebrum, Historical, 181.— The Motor Areas of the Cortex, 184.—Differences in Paralysis from Injury to the Spinal Neuron and the Pyramidal Neuron, 186.—Voluntary Motor Paths Other than the Pyramidal Tract, 186.—The Crossed Control of the Muscles and Bilateral Motor Representation in the Cortex, 187.—Are the Motor Areas Exclusively Motor ? 188. Chapter X.—The Sense Areas and the Association Areas in the Cortex 190 The Body-sense Area, 191.—The Course of the Fillet, 192.—The Center for Vision, 194.—Histological Evidence of the Course of tire Optic Fibers, 195.— The Decussation in tlie Chiasma, 197.—The Projection of the Retina on the Occipital Cortex, 197.—The Function of the Lower Visual Centers, 199.— The Auditory Center, 200.—Course of the Cochlear Ner\'e, 202.—The Physio- logical Significance of the Lower Auditory Centers, 203.—Motor Responses from the Auditory Cortex, 203.—The Olfa'ctory Center, 204.—The Olfactory Bulb and its Connections, 204.—The Cortical Center for Smell, 205.—The Cortical Center for Ta.ste, 206.—Aphasia, 206.—Sensory Aphasia, 208.—The Association Areas, 209.—Subdivision of the Association Areas, .211.—The Development of the Cortical Areas, 212.—Histological Differentiation in Cor- tical Structure, 215.—Physiology of the Corpus Callosum, 216.—Physiology of the Corpora Striata and Optic Thalami, 216.