Studies on the maintenance of the equilibrium of motion and its disturbances, so-called 'forced movements' / by L.J.J. Muskens.

  • Muskens, Louis Jacob Josef, 1872-1937.
Date:
1904
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Studies on the maintenance of the equilibrium of motion and its disturbances, so-called 'forced movements' / by L.J.J. Muskens. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    be turned to the left side, or, after Ferrier and Turner, there will be tilting of the chin to the left side, and some observers will call the actual rolling in that sense rolling to the left1. On the other hand many observers simply stating that the animal turned to the right neglected to point out whether this was meant from the standpoint of the animal or of the observer, as was already observed by Prevost2; in the last case, of course, it makes all the difference whether the observer stands in the back or in front of the animal. After careful consideration and comparison of the work of authors, who worked in similar lines, I find that most statements agree with the general result obtained by me in numerous unilateral experiments on the cerebellum and its junctions with the cerebral axis in rabbits and a good many ones in cats. A brief rtsumd of these results is as follows: Unilateral lesions of the middle and upper cerebellar peduncle and unilateral (partial more than complete) removal of a lateral lobe of the cerebellum cause rolling movements to the side of the lesion, or at least tendency to it, i.e. forced position in the same sense (screw-like position). The most vehement rolling was observed both in the cat and in the rabbit after lesion or section of the middle peduncle and the tuberculum acusticum. As to the unilateral lesions of the lateral lobe of the cerebellum it 1 In Luciani’s admirable work on the cerebellum (German translation, p. 88, 1893), some notes can be found which show how advisable it is to keep to one way of describing these phenomena, as accepted by me. The animal’s head is turned so “ that the L. ear is in a higher plane”; this animal, which turns “in the same direction,” rolls to the L., according to Luciani, whereas it is surely to the R. that the locomotion takes place. Equally H. Friedberg’s (Virchow's Archiv, xxn. p. 61, 1862) patient, in whom after death a h®morrhage was found under the tentorium on the L. side, performed movements of rolling and circus to the diseased side, after Friedberg; after the above nomenclature the rolling was performed to the impaired, the circus to the intact side. R. Russell’s mode of describing the direction of rolling, viz. after the direction of the movement of the upper quadrant (British Medical Journal, p. 909, 1897) is no doubt as correct as the way advised here (after the direction of the resulting locomotion), but is not as simple. Where we have to deal with rotation in man, it is my custom, as is also Russell’s, to imagine the person in question in the all-four-position and name the direction after the usual way. P. Gratiolet and M. Leven (Comptes rendus de VAcademie des Sciences, 61, p. 17, 1860) state that Schiff and Cl. Bernard reconciled the difference in the alleged direction of the rotation after cerebellar lesions, in that they showed, that Lafargue and Longet (as later R. Russell) caused experimental lesions especially of the anterior fibres of the middle peduncle, Magendie of the posterior bundles. At any rate it appears probable, that a detail in the operative procedure is largely responsible. 2 J. L. Prevost. Gazette mAdicale dc Paris, p. 117, 1869.