Studies on the maintenance of the equilibrium of motion and its disturbances, so-called 'forced movements' / by L.J.J. Muskens.

  • Muskens, Louis Jacob Josef, 1872-1937.
Date:
1904
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Studies on the maintenance of the equilibrium of motion and its disturbances, so-called 'forced movements' / by L.J.J. Muskens. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    was the most effective in producing rolling movements. The rabbit is a very convenient animal in this line, on account of the vehemency of the forced movements and its free mobility of the eyeballs. By all these procedures mostly rolling movements to the injured (right) side were produced, i.e. when the animal was placed on the floor the sideward locomotion took place to the right of the animal (Fig. 3), being in its primary position (like a right-handed screw, after the expression used by Risien Russell); especially so if the middle peduncle was injured. Whereas all the preceding observers make the same statement, as far as the rolling movements are concerned, the most astonishing discrepancies are found in the literature about the direction in which this takes place. The authors to whom I allude experimented upon the cerebellum, the peduncles and the pons. Longet1, Lafargue*. Friedberg3, Leven and Ollivier4, Luciani6, and Russell0, after ablation of a lateral lobe of the cerebellum in a dog, recorded rolling movements to the uninjured side, Magendie7, Schiff°and Ferrier and Turner, and A. Thomas10 to the injured side. If it be accepted, that the direction of rolling should be named after the side of the animal in its primary position, to which the sideward locomotion takes place, my results correspond with those of the last authors. In regard to this important point it appears to me that the discrepancies of these competent observers are largely due to: (1) Inadequate nomenclature of the resulting forced movements. Especially the French observers did not always distinguish the two types of rotation: rolling and circus movement, the word “ rotation ” being often used for both of them. (2) Incorrect description of the direction in which the rolling took place. To this source of error clinicians were particularly liable, as they were inclined to apply expressions, in use clinically, to phenomena observed in experiments. If an animal tends to roll to the right (i.e. sideward locomotion with regard to the primary position) the face will 1 Longet. Anatomic et Physiologic du systeme nerveux, Paris, 1842, i. p. 735. 3 Lafargue. Thise inaugurate. Paris, 1838. 3 H. Friedberg. Virchow's Archiv, xxii. p. 61. 1862. 4 M. Leven and A. Ollivier. Archives ginirales de Medecine, 1862, p. 2, et xxv. p. 513. 1863. 5 L. Luciani. Das Kleinhim, 1803. 8 J. S. R. Russell. Phil. Trans., clxxxv. p. 837. 1894. 7 M. Magendie. Journal de Physiol. expSr., iv. p. 399, 1824, and Lemons sur les fonctions et les maladies du systeme nerveux, Paris, 1841, i. p. 265. 8 M. Schiff. Lehrbuch der Physiologic, i. p. 354. 1858. 9 D. Ferrier and A. Turner. Phil Trans. Royal Society, cnxxxv. p. 726. 1894. 10 A. Thomas. Cervelet, p. 325. 1897.