A description of the appearance of the human eye in health and disease as seen by the ophthalmoscope. Fifth series. Syphilis / by C. Bader.

  • Bader, Charles.
Date:
[between 1860 and 1869?]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A description of the appearance of the human eye in health and disease as seen by the ophthalmoscope. Fifth series. Syphilis / by C. Bader. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    Outward inflammation—redness of the conjunctiva or sclerotic, iritis, corneitis, &c.—accompanying deep-seated inflammation is not the rule. Often we find traces of iritis in one eye, with inflammation of some part of the choroid in the other. Pain, as long as the inflammation is confined to the parts which lie within the area of the retina, is hardly ever complained of. Loss of transparency and of definedness of outline, is found at the inflamed part. Lymph nodules (figs. 3, 4) and general turbidity (figs. 6, 7, 8), owing to effusion into and round the choroid and into the adjoining retina and vitreous chamber, are the usual forms of effusion. Ansemia (arterial) of the retina is observed in most cases during the stage of effusion and of atrophy (figs. 3, 6, 7, 8). Peculiarities in the colour, size, and outline of the optic disc (optic nerve) are observed in all cases in which the inflamma- tion appears in the tunics immediately adjoining the disc. The outline of the optic disc is more or less effaced (figs. 3, 6, 7, 8) ; when the inflammation has ceased, we find atrophy (a yel- lowish and white ring round the disc) marking the seat of passed inflammation. Figs. 3, 6, 7, 8 represent forms of inflammation frequently observed—inflammation of the optic disc and of the choroido- retinal aperture and of the vitreous adjoining it. The form represented in figs. 7,8 is accompanied by increased tension of the eyeball (T + |), the one shown in figs. 3, 4, 6, often by decreased tension of the eyeball (T —J). The swollen or inflamed condition of the optic disc naturally interferes with the passage of the blood intended for the retina. Sometimes no blood at all is visible in the arterial blood-vessels (fig. 7), or only a few thin blood-vessels can be traced across the ill-defined disc into the retina (figs. 6, 8). Whether the anaemic and partial atrophy (judging from the much impaired sight of the eye) of the optic disc of fig. 2 is owing to inflammation of the disc or of the adjoining choroid, or of both, it is difficult to decide. White patches, as seen in figs. 1,2, are found in many highly myopic eyes, as the result of mere distension of the tunics; they may in this case he the sequel of choroiditis. That the optic disc of fig. 2 had been inflamed becomes probable from the state