A manual of artistic anatomy for the use of students in art : being a description of the bones and muscles that influence the external form of man / by John C.L. Sparkes.

  • Sparkes, John C. L. (John Charles Lewis)
Date:
[1900]
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: A manual of artistic anatomy for the use of students in art : being a description of the bones and muscles that influence the external form of man / by John C.L. Sparkes. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    arm, is triangular, larger than the ulna, and arched away from that bone; one of its ridges faces towards the corresponding ridge of the ulna to receive the interosseous ligament. The Upper Head is a small, round, XVII. i. iv. Cattish, button-shaped projection; it lies in contact with the lower end of the humerus, and the outer side of the ulna, the depression in its head being for the former articulation, its cir- cular sides for the latter. Below is the neck, lvhere it narrows ; a round ligament, called the coronary ligament, surrounds the bone here, and keeps it secure in its place, as it turns in it as in a socket or ring, for the radius has two motions, the first accompanying the ulna in its movements of flexion and extension, and the second its own ' peculiar rotation, which is independent of the ulna. Below the neck is a large bump, like a flat but- ton soldered on to the bone; it is the point into which the most powerful muscle of the arm is XYII. i. iv. inserted—the biceps brachii flexor. On the outside of the bone, and near the middle, there is a roughness for XVII. iv. the insertion of the pronator teres. The Lower Head is broad, strong, and flat; it receives the bones of the wrist. There are two larger bones of the wrist called the scaphoid and lunar; these form a large ball, and this is received into the lower end of the radius. The impressions these bones make are pretty deep, and somewhat boat-like in shape, whence it is called (like the articulating surface of the tibia) the scaphoid cavity ; it is sometimes divided by a ridge. The edge of the bone near the thumb ends in a point, called the styloid process of the radius. Thus the scaphoid cavity of the radius forms the joint of the wrist. There is another small cavity in which the lesser head of the ulna works. The little end of the ulna does not descend so low as to have anything to do with forming the wrist. On the outside of the lower head are a ridge and two grooves on the sides of it. The extensor tendons run in them ; the extensors of the thumb also make depressions. On the inside of the head of the bone there is a . .. flattened surface for the lodgment of the pronator quadratus, and a sharp line for its insertion. XVIII.— The Carpus, or wrist, consists of XIX. eight bones, in two rows of four, ar- ranged thus : XIV . _ 1st row (on the thumb side): 1, sca- XVIII.— phoid; 2, lunar; 3, cuneiform; 4, pisiform. 2nd row, supporting the metacarpal . __ bones : 1, trapezium ; 2, trapezoides ; XVIII.— 3, os magnum ; 4, unciform. XIX. They are arranged as an arch, in which they lie in their two rows evenly, except one, which is a little removed from its rank. On the internal surface they are seen on their narrowed ends, crowded and huddled together, but in this hollow the four corner bones are seen projecting towards the palm; from these four pro- jections a strong ligament binds down the tendons and makes a smooth floor for them to glide in ; it also protects nerves and vessels from injury. XIV. I.— XIV. i.— XVIII.— XIX. XIV. i.— XVIII.— XIX FIRST ROW. The Scaphoid is the largest, and forms the chief part of the wrist-joint; XVIII.— it is the one that is received into the XIX. radius. The process on the palmar surface forms one of the four projections already mentioned. The Lunar joins the scaphoid in forming the wrist, as it articulates with the radius. The Cuneiform is wedged in between the lunar and pisiform bones, and is so named from this circumstance, rather than from its shape. The Pisiform is a small round bone, . _ pea shaped in form. It is placed upon XVIII.— the cuneiform bone, and stands off to- XIX. wards the palm of the hand, and is the most prominent of the four corner bones of the palm. It is the bone mentioned as being out of its rank. It can be felt opposite the end of the styloid pro- cess of the ulna. It has the ligament of the wrist inserted into it, and it receives the ten- don of the flexor carpi ulnaris. SECOND ROW. The Trapezium is a large bone, so XIV . _ named from its shape, which is quite XVIII.— 1 m yty irregular. The socket for the articula- ~ ‘ tion of the thumb, which stands off from the side, is its most remarkable characteristic ; there is also a process which makes one of the corner points opposite to the unciform. The Trapezoides, as its name implies, XIV . _ resembles the trapezium, but it is more XVIII.— Yty wedge-shaped. The Os Magnum is not the largest . _ bone of the wrist, but it is the most XVIII.— prominent; it is the centre bone of the XIX. XIX.