Studies on the pathology and on the etiology of variola and of vaccinia / by William Thomas Councilman [and others].

  • Councilman, W. T. (William Thomas), 1854-1933.
Date:
[1904]
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Licence: In copyright

Credit: Studies on the pathology and on the etiology of variola and of vaccinia / by William Thomas Councilman [and others]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.

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    cells, some as leucocytes, and the origin of the others it is impossible to determine. Ruffer and Plimmer described bodies in vaccinia and vari- ola which they regarded as protozoa, mainly because they had ameboid movement. The bodies lie in vacuoles in the epithelium. Piani and Galli-Valerio found in the pustules of small-pox bodies varying in size, partly hyaline and partly granular, and sometimes motile. They were both in and ^ between the epithelial cells. Von Sicherer gives a good description of the cell inclusions, confirming the work of Guarnieri. The most important work following that of Guarnieri is that of Wasielewski, which is contained in two publications. The article in the Zeitschrift fiir Hygiene may be re- garded as the most important confirmatory article which has appeared on the subject. He regards the inclusions as para- sites and the etiological factor of the disease, and says that the organism cannot be classified with either the gregarinida or the coccidida. Its first influence on the epithelial cell is ho produce an increased nutrition and an enlargement of the cell. He regards the perinuclear space as due to shrinkage in fixation. Wasielewski showed that injuries to the cornea produced by sterile substances did not give rise to_chanCTes of the same character as those produced by the vaccine inoculations, and that in them the typical inclusions do not appear. The inoculations with the contents of the vesicles of foot and mouth disease give rise to lesions of a different character from those of vaccinia. He also inoculated corneas with blastomycetes and other organisms, but never found lesions similar to those of vaccinia. He showed that the virus increased in the lesions, for he could inoculate from eye to eye indefinitely, without any change in the character of the lesion. The re-inoculations were successful up to the tenth day, but the most constant results were obtained by inoculating from a lesion from two to six days old. He vaccinated from the cornea of the rabbit to the calf in the fifteenth and the twenty-fifth generation, and in each obtained perfectly typical vaccine pustules and immunity towards