Volume 1
A medicinal dictionary; including physic, surgery, anatomy, chymistry, and botany, in all their branches relative to medicine. Together with a history of drugs ... and an introductory preface, tracing the progress of physic, and explaining the theories which have ... prevail'd in all ages / By R. James.
- James, R. (Robert), 1703?-1776.
- Date:
- 1743-1745
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A medicinal dictionary; including physic, surgery, anatomy, chymistry, and botany, in all their branches relative to medicine. Together with a history of drugs ... and an introductory preface, tracing the progress of physic, and explaining the theories which have ... prevail'd in all ages / By R. James. Source: Wellcome Collection.
418/1128 (page 408)
![rboted jM for thus it is written in the Manuscript Index 1 Arijlolocbia, five Climatitis, five Cretica, five Plijlolochia, yiW Lochia Polyrrhizofque, Malum Terra. So it ought to be fead'. But I never read this Name Plijlolochia in Greek Authors, and I am afraid it took its Origin from fome wrong Reading, either by P//«y himfelf, or one of thofe who ufed to read to him, who huffily running over the Greek Book written in large Letters, and flightly glancing on the Words, as is too com¬ monly done, might for AP1CTOAOXIA read ITAICTOAOXIA, which is not fo very remote from the Truth, nor unfuitable to Pliny s Character. For my part, I can give no Account for the Name, the changing it into Pifolochia being contradictory to all the Books; nor can I fee the Reafon of this Word moohoyiA [Pifolochia]. . Authors fay never a Word of the Althaea called Plijlolochia, or Ariflolochia ; and I am apt to think, that Pliny made this too out of Theophrajlus, by wrong reading and pointing his Words. Theophrafus, enumerating the medicinal Herbs which grow in Arcadia, has thefe Words : Kcu rt f/S ’ Ah9ala, zkzivoi J'z yahd- yy\v aytloiv, x) « dysohoyjct, xai to Fzozki. “ And there is V the Althaea, which they call Wild Mallow, and Ariflolochia, “ [Birthwort] and Sefeli [Hartwort]. ” Pliny read or un- derftood the Words, as if they had been written zxzivci Lz ya.- hdyyv dyelctv, xj detcohofictv. “ They call it Wild Mallow and “ Ariflolochia,” where perhaps he read himfelf, or, deceiv’d by his Ears, imagin’d he heard another read x) orhisoho-yjAv, “ and “ Pliffolochia.” That Place in Pliny, where he diflinguifhes between yohoyn [Moloche] and yahayy] [Malache] deferves our Laughter. The Pafiage, as it ought to be read, Lib. 20. Cap. 21. runs thus : Duo Genera earum Amplitudine Folii difcernuntur. Majorem Graci Molochen vocant in Sativis, alteram ab emolliendo ventre diet am putant Malachen. “ Two Kinds of them are diftin- “ guifhed by the Largenefs of the Leaf. The greater is called “ by the Greeks, Moloche, and is cultivated in Gardens ; the “ other is fuppofed to have its Name Malache [Greek yciKdyji, “ foft] from mollifying the Belly. ” But yohoyj [Moloche] is the Word in the Attic Dialed, and y&hdyjn [Malache] in the others. This is the Rule in the antient Grammarians ; but I fhould rather think y.ohbyn an /Folic Word ; for ’tis their Manner to change & into 0 ; fo they fay, Ivayv^ov [Onoguron] for dvdyv&v [Anaguron] which is in the Attic Dialed j ovcovts for dvavtc, fibrif for jidns, and fo in Hundreds of others; but we fhall now finifli what we propofed. What is commonly Called Malvavifco, or Ibifcomalva, is not the Althaea of the Greeks, tho’ the old Latins called this Ibifcus. The true Al¬ thaea, at this Day, is unknown to our Botanifls ; for the Bif- vialva, which is the Roman Hibifcum, is not determined to one thing. Perhaps the old Romans themfelves were ignorant of the true Althaea ; for what they called Hibifcum, was no other than what is called Malva-Ibifcum ; fo much is certain. Tho’ Althaea be like the wild Mallow, yet, which is ffrange, Jjiofcorides has not aflign’d it a Place among the Mallows, as if he thought it of a different Kind from them. For he de- feribes the common Mallows in his fecond Book, and defers the mentioning of Althaea to his third Book. What he thus lepa- rated, he does not feem to think of the fame Kind, though he fays, that Althaea is a Species of the wild Mallow. The dvcLd'ivS'&y.cLhd.'xyi [Anadendromalache] mentioned by Galen, and miftaken by fome for the fame as Ibifcus or Althaea, is another thing. The Authors of the Greek Farriery have thefe Words : vEr/ <hz irz^g. fidjd.ni hzyoy'zvn dv&S'zvAgyy.a.hdyyi, van? Tivuv trciAxniS' zono yvhhov irAab\vTi(yv TccHno, t>)u pfnv uo&ct a; cxzvdfovjeu, ka9w{ zoidvu yzy^g.fcu yfu^rcu. “ There is another “ Herb called Anadendromalache, and by fome Salcies ; this has “ a broader Leaf, and the Roots are prepared in the fame “ manner as before diredted. ” I take this to be the Alcaea of Diofcorides, which the Name (sahAm, [Salcies] being a Cor¬ ruption of dhxcun, [Alcaea] plainly intimates. Galen does not mention Alcaea, but feems to mean tire fame by the Word Anadendromalache. Salmafus de Homonym. Hyl. Iatr. Cap. 42. Notwithftanding the Opinion of Salmafus to the contrary, I find mod: Botanifls efteem our Althaea to be the fame as that of Diofcorides. ALTHANACA, or Althanacha, (Auripigmentum) Orpiment. It is alfo called Alt erne t, Aleimec. ALTHEBEGIUM, the Arabic Name given by Avicenna to a certain Swelling, rcfembhng thofe which happen in a Ca¬ chexy, and proceeding from a morbid State of the Liver, and an ill Habit of Body. The Swellings are alfo like thofe which appear under the Eyes, and in the Faces, of Pcrfons who fleep over-much. A Tympany is a Difeafe of the fame Kind. Fabric. Ab Aquapendent. Lib. 1. Cap. 10. ALTHEXIS, «4a0from cth9.iv, to cure or heal. It fignifies the Cure of a Diftemper, in which Senfe it is fre¬ quently ufed by Hippocrates. ALTHOLIZOI. Sec Altolizoim. ALTIHT. The Name given by Avicenna to the Laferpi- tium of the Antients. ALTlMAR, Aycapher, (AEs ujlum) burnt Copper/ Rulandus. ALTIMIO, (Fax Plumbi) the Drofs or Scoria of Lead. Rulandus. ALTINCAR, a fort of fadlitious Salt ufed in the Purgation and Separation of Metals. Cafellus from Libavius. ALTINGAT, Flos Airis, Ruff of Copper, Verdigris. Rulandus. ALTINURAUM, Vitriol. Rulandus. ALTOLIZOI, a Word mentioned by Helmont, which is in a great meafure unintelligible. In his Treatife De Li~ thiafi, he diredls the Ludus of Paracelfus to be well contufed, calcin’d, and boil’d into the Form of an Oil, which is almoft exprefs’d by a fingle Word Fcl Terra, or Altholizoi cor- rettum, which he fays, fignifies, totally converted into Oil by Ebullition. Cafellus has made two or three Blunders under this Article. For he calls it Altolizoim, whereas Helmont’s Word is Altholizoi, and Altholizoim; and he miftakes in his Explanation Ludus, and calls it Lutum. See Alkahest. ALTUS. This is ufed fometimes in a medicinal Senfe join’d with Sopor, to exprefs a found Sleep, inclining to a Le¬ thargy, or Coma. ALU. See Are-alu, and Atty-alu. ALUACH, or Aluech, pure or refin’d Tin. Rulandus. ALUCO, a Bird mentioned by Bellonius, Aldrovandus, and Johnfon. It is a nodlurnal Bird of Prey, of the Owl Species ; they are of different Sizes; for fome areas big as a Capon, and others of the Size of a Pigeon : They are of a Lead-colour fpotted with White; their Head is large, black, without Ears, crown’d with Feathers ; their Beak is white, their Eyes are large, black, and feem to be funk in their Heads, becaufe they are furround- ed with many Feathers; their Limbs are cover’d with whitq Feathers, their Feet are feather’d and arm’d with long Claws, which are ftrong and fharp; they live in decay’d Buildings, Towers, in Caverns, and in the Hollow of old Oaks; they • ramble at Night in the Fields ; they live upon Mice, and little Birds ; their Gullet is fo large, that they fwallow Pieces as big as an Egg ; their Cry is frightful; they contain a great deal of volatile Salt and Oil. Their Blood is good for an Afthma, being dried, pulverized, and taken at the Mouth : The Dofe is from half a Scruple to two Scruples ; their Brains are effeemed good for agglutinating Wounds. Lemery de Drogues. ALUDEL. An Aludel is a chymical Veflel ufed in Sub¬ limation. Many of thefe are generally imploy’d in one Ope¬ ration, in the following Manner : The Matter to be fublim’d is put into a Body, or Pot, the fuperior Part of which is fitted into a Hole on the lower Part of an Aludel, and the fuperior Part of the Aludel is received into the inferior Part of the next Aludel, and fo on, till as many Aludels are fet one upon an¬ other, as the Procefs requires ; to the fuperior Part of the upper- moff Aludel, a Head or Alembic is fix’d, to receive the Matter which fublimes. So that there is a continu’d Tube form’d by the Aludels from the Pot which contains the Matter to be fub¬ lim’d, to the Head or Alembic which receives it, in the manner, that a continu’d Chanel is form’d by a Number of Elm Pipes. The Ufe of Aludels feems to be to remove the Matter fub¬ lim’d in the Head to a Diftance from the Fire. ALU DIT, Mercury. Rulandus. ALV EARIUM, the Bottom of the Concha, or Hollow of the external Ear; it terminates at the Meatus Auditorius, which is the Entrance of the Auris or Ear, ftri&ly fo call’d. Drake. It is generally defin’d to be that Cavity where the Cerumen or Ear-wax is principally lodged. ALUECH. See Aluach. ALVEOLI, the Sokets in the Jaw Bones, in which the Teeth are plac’d, by that fort of Junflure or Suture, which Anatomifts call Gomphofs, by Joiners call’d Pegging. The Alveoli are lin’d with a Membrane of exquifite Senfe, which feems to be nervous, and is wrapp’d about the Roots of each Tooth. Drake. There are ufually fixteen Alveoli in each Jaw. ALVEUS. Medicinally it is apply’d to many Tubes or Ca¬ nals, thro’ which fome Fluid flows,'particularly to the Duels which convey the Chyle from the Receptacle of the Chyle to the Subclavian Vein. ALU MR, Rubedo, Rednefs. Rulandus. ALVIDUCA, Medicamenta, are purging Medicines. ALUIS. Rulandus calls this Alafor, id eft Vabs, without any farther Explanation. But Johnfon explains Alafor, Sal Alcali. ALUM, or Alus. A Name in Scribonius Largus for the Symphytum Comfrey. ALUMBOri, Plumbum Uftum, burnt or calcin’d Lead. Rulandus. ALUMEN, Alum, Hippocrates recommends Alum in many Paflages of his Treatife of Ulcers, as a proper Application for Ulcers, efpecially thofe of the depafeent Kind (voyd{) fometimes burnt, and fometimes not. He thinks the Egyptian](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30455625_0001_0419.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
