A manual of botany : being an introduction to the study of the structure, physiology and classification of plants / by John Hutton Balfour.

  • John Hutton Balfour
Date:
1863
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A manual of botany : being an introduction to the study of the structure, physiology and classification of plants / by John Hutton Balfour. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    SECTION I.—CELLULAR TISSUE. 1.—Form and Arrangement of Cells. 4. Cellular Tissue is formed by the union of minute vesicles or bladders, called cells, cellules, or utricles. This tissue is often called Parenchyma (craga, through, and syyyu, I infuse). The terms Parenchymatous, Areolar, Utricular, and Vesicular, when applied to vegetable tissues, may be considered as synony- i mous. The individual cells of which this tissue is com- posed, when allowed to develope themselves equally in all parts of their circumference, are usually of a more or less 9; rounded form (figs. 5, 6, 7); but during the progress of development they frequently become more elongated in one direction than in another (fig. 2), and often assume angular or polyhedral forms (fig. 8). 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 5. The following names have been applied by Morren, and other authors, to the tissue made up of variously-formed cells:—1. Paren- chyma, a general name for cellular tissue, but often applied to that consisting of dodecahedral cells (figs. 8, 12, 13), which, when cut in one direction, exhibit an hexagonal form (figs. 14, 15), and hence the tissue is sometimes called hexagonienchyma (k^uyavtog, six-angled); it is 9 10 11 12 13 seen in the pith of the Elder, and in young palm stems. 2. Sphceren- chyma {acpcti^m, a sphere), spheroidal cells (fig. 5). 3. Merenchyma (fin^va, to revolve), ellipsoidal cells (fig. 6). 4. Ovenchyma (Aov, an egg), oval cells. Eound, elliptical, and oval cells, are common in herbaceous Fig. 2.—Fusiform or spindle-shaped cell. Figs. 3, 4.—Tubes or vessels. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8.—Cells, or utricles, separate and combined. Figs. 9, 10,11,12,13.—Figures representing tlie iorms of cells.
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