Text-book of chemistry : inorganic and organic with toxicology for students of medicine, pharmacy, dentistry and biology / by R.A. Witthaus.

  • Witthaus, R. A. (Rudolph August), 1846-1915
Date:
1919
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Text-book of chemistry : inorganic and organic with toxicology for students of medicine, pharmacy, dentistry and biology / by R.A. Witthaus. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    H2KP04=A/onop6tassic phosphate. HK2P04=:Z>ipotasstc phosphate. K3P04 =7Vtpotassic phosphate. The first is also called dihydropot&ssic phosphate, and the second, iiydrodipotassic phosphate. In the older works, salts in which the hydrogen has not been entirely displaced were sometimes called bisalts {e.g., bicarbonates), or acid salts; those in which the hydrogen has been entirely displaced being designated as neutral salts, or normal salts. Some elements, such as mercury, copper, and iron, form two dis¬ tinct series of salts. These are distinguished, in the same way as the acids, by the use of the suffix ous in the names of those containing the less proportion of the electronegative group, and the suffix ic in those containing the greater proportion, e. g.: Cu2S04.(1S04:2Cu) =Cuprows sulphate. CuS04 . (2S04:2Cu) —Cupric sulphate. FeS04 .(2S04:2Fe) =Ferrcms sulphate. Fe2(S04)3 .(3S04:2Fe) =Ferric sulphate. The names, basic salts, subsalts and oxysalts have been applied indifferently to salts, such as the lead subacetates, which are com¬ pounds containing the normal acetate and the hydroxide or oxide of lead; and to salts such as the so-called bismuth subnitrate, which is a nitrate, not of bismuth, but of the univalent radical, bismuthyl (Bi'0)'. By double salts are meant such as are formed by the substitution of different elements or radicals for two or more atoms of replace¬ able hydrogen of the acid, such as ammonium magnesium phosphate, P04Mg(NH4)\ In naming the cations, the termination ion is added to the stem of the name of the metal, the Latin name, if it exists, being used; but sodion, not natrion, and potassion, not kalion. Ionized hydrogen is called liydrion. The names of the anions are derived from those of the corresponding salts by changing the terminations from ide to idion, e. g., $=sidphidion; ite to osion, e. gSO^—sidphosion; and ate to anion, e. g., SO4—sulplianion; except C03 is called carbanion. The anion OH' is called hydroxidion. When ions of different valence are derived from the same substance they are distinguished by the corresponding Greek numerals. Thus the electrolysis of II2S04 pro¬ ceeds in two stages, first HoS04=H' | HSO4—monosulphanion, then HS04=H* I S04=disulphanion. Radicals.—Many compounds contain groups of atoms which pass from one compound to another, and, in many reactions, behave like elementary atoms. Such groups are called radicals, or compound radicals.