On the phenomena of hybridity in the genus Homo / by Paul Broca ; edited, with the permission of the author, by C. Carter Blake.

  • Broca, Paul, 1824-1880.
Date:
1864
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: On the phenomena of hybridity in the genus Homo / by Paul Broca ; edited, with the permission of the author, by C. Carter Blake. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    in replying to it, could only find three instances:—1. The GriquaSj the progeny of the Hottentots and the Dutch. 2. The Cafusos of the forests of Varama (Brazil), a race described by Spix and Mai-tius, and, according to them, the offspring of in- digenous Americans and African Negroes. 3. The mop- headed Papuans inhabiting the island of Waigiou and the sur- roimding islands and the northern part of New Guinea, and who, according to MM. Quoy and Gaimard, are a hybrid race, the issue of a union of Malays and the Papuans proper.^ These three examples have been objected to, and are indeed liable to objections.*^ We know next to nothing about the Ca- fusos, and no one can positively assert that they have remained unmixed with the indigenous race; but we know for certain that the Griquas have risen since the commencement of this century around a Protestant mission, by the fusion of some Dutch-Hottentot bastaard families with a large number of the Hottentot race, the Bosjesmen, and the Kaffir race. This ex- ample then proves, by no means, that a mixed race can per- petuate itself separately.^ * Prichaxd, Natural History of Man. - Davis and Tliurnam, Crania Britannica, p. 7, No. 4, London, 1856. ® See the voyages of Truter and SomerviUe (1801), Lichtenstein (1805), Campbell (1813), John Philips (1825), Thompson (1824), etc., in the Collection of Voyages by Walkenaer, t. xv-xxi, Paris, 1842. In 1801 Truter and Somer- ville found near the Orange or Gariep river, in the district where now Griqua town stands, a horde of Bastaards and Bosjesmen, commanded by a Bastaard of the name of Kok (t. xvii, p. 364). On their return they found a consider- able village, composed of KafBrs, Hottentots, and mongrel breeds of several varieties, under the command of a chief named Kok (p. 393). In the same year Kitchener, the missionary, assembled the horde in a village. There came pure Hottentots and Namaquas (t. xviii, p. 126). In 1802 Anderson, the missionary, in organising the growing nation, gave authority to the Bas- taards (p. 127). The village of Laawater or Klaarwater, which has since become Griqua-town, consisted in 1805, when Lichtenstein visited it, of about thirty families, one-half of which belonged to the Bastaard race, the rest were Namaquas or Hottentots. The village enlarged rapidly “by the arrival of refugees, and by marriages with the women of the Bosjesmen and the Koramas, who lived in the vicinity” (t. xdx, p. 355). They practised polygamy. “ They constituted a horde of nomadic naked savages, living by pillage and the chase; their bodies were besmeai’ed with red paint, the hair covered with grease, living in ignorance, without any trace of civilisation” (p. 356). After the lapse of five years the missionaries commenced civiUsing them by giving them the taste for agricultural pursuits. The name, how- ever, of Bastaards, which indicated their European origin, was no longer suitable to this nation, in which the African blood was gi’eatly predominating. They took, therefore, the name of Ch-iquas. Campbell asserts that they chose that name, as it was that of the principal family (t. xviii, p. 395). This ex- planation appears to me very doubtful. Ten Ehyne, who explored Southern B 2