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Punjab.

Date:: 1908

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Licence: In copyright

Credit: Punjab. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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464/486 (page 432)

Asarur, 102; on mount Tilla, 159; ruins of many at Manikiala, 171, 172 ; ruins of at Pattan Munara, 353; of Saraswat Brahmans in Gurdaspur Fort, 73 ; monastic communities of Bairagis in Karnal District, i. 304. Money-lenders, i. 63 ; alienation of land to, 103, 114; extensive power of, 123. Mong (Mung), village in Gujrat District, built on an old mound, ii. 125 ; find of Greek and Indo-Scythian coins, 125 ; scene (doubtful) of Alexander’s battle with Porus, 143. Mongol raids and invasions, i. 23-26 ; in Delhi, 293, 294; in Lahore, ii. 32 ; in Multan, 226, 227, 241. See alsoTimm. Monsoons, south-west and north-east, i. 145 15} 57j 94> 95 > the floods of the Indus the monsoon of Sind, 200. Montgomery, District in Lahore Division, ii. 2-17; mostly a waste of sand, 2; history and archaeology, 3-5; migration in drought to Chenab Colony, 5 ; ^irm or grazing tax, ii ; bibliography, 13. Montgomery iahsTl, ii. 13. Montgomery town, hot, dreary, dusty, but not unhealthy head-quarters of District, ii. 16. Mosques, at Hansi, i. 244; the Jahaj (George) at Hissar, 245 ; at Farrukh- nagar, 277 ; at Palwal, 278 ; at Sohna, 279; at Delhi: of Kutb-ud-din and Altamsh, the Kutb Minar, 292, 293; the Jama Masjid of Shah Jahan, 297 ; the Kali Masjid, 297 ; of Roshan-ud- daula, 297; atSadhaura, 337 ; of Mian Mir near Lahore, ii. 41 ; the Moti or ‘ Pearl ’ mosque of Jahangir at Lahore, 33, of Wazir Khan, 34, of Dai Anga, 34, the Jama Masjid of Aurangzeb, 35; at Bhera, 138 ; Dipalpur, 14; Chiniot, 217; at Multan of Aurangzeb, 241, 242 ; at Muzaffargarh, 255 ; at Dera Ghazi Khan, 268 ; modern at Rojhan, 271. Mosques in Native States: at Sunam, ii. 286; in Bawal, 337. Mountain and Hill System, i. 2, 167-183. See tinder Physical Aspects in each District. Mudki, town in Ferozepore District, scene of first battle of first Sikh War, i. 454. Mughal empire, the (1526-1761), i. 26- 28 ; at Delhi, 294 ; at Lahore, ii. 33- 36. See Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan, Delhi, Lahore. Muhammad of Ghor, his capture (1191) of Lahore and campaigns, i. 22, 292, ii. 31, 32 ; recaptured Uch, 355. Muhammadan invasions, i. 20-22 ; Mu- hammad bin Kasim, the first invader, took Multan, ii. 226, Dera Ghazi Khan, 258; later of Mahmud of Ghazni, i. 21, 22. Muhammadanism, the religion of 49 per j cent., mostly Sunnis, i. 50, 53; its local | and social spheres, 50 ; often a growth of the Mughal empire, 50; its general freedom from fanaticism, 50; its rela- tion to Hinduism, 50; the great influence of Sufi doctrines and saints, 50; its architecture, 52 ; its dress avoids red, 54- Muhammadans, their number, i. 50, their architecture, 38, 39; their marriage i customs, 45, 46 ; bury their dead, 55; names, 56, 57; holidays, 56; law in absence of custom, 102 ; as soldiers, 130 ; indigenous schools, 133; Islamia College at Lahore, 136 ; female education, 140; recent advance in higher education, 142, 143 ; as a community poor, 142. See under People in each District. Mukerian, town in Hoshiarpur District, birthplace of Sher Singh, i. 408. Muktsar, tahsll of Ferozepore District, i. 449. Muktsar town, on the railway and of commercial importance, i. 455; its Sikh festival and pilgrims’ bathing tank, 455. Multan, south-western Division of the Province, ii. 188-272; head-quarters at Multan or Fort Munro, 188 ; general view and statistics of, 188, 189. Multan District, between the Chenab and Sutlej, ii. 223-244; healthy but next to Jacobabad the hottest region in India, 224; its history, 224-229, as affected by the changes of its great rivers and climate, 224, 225, 226, 241 ; in Greek times as seat of the Malli, 225, for three centuries the outpost of Islam, 226, for three centuries (1221- 1528) swept by Mongol invaders, 226, 227, peaceful and prosperous under Mughals, 228, sacked (1818) by Ranjit Singh, 228, under Sawan Mai, 228, 229, stormed (1849) by the British, 229 ; its irrigation, 232; silk and minor industries and wheat trade, 233; its high standard of literacy due to educa- tion of lower castes, 236. Multan tahsil, ii. 237. Multan city, head-quarters of Division and District, and a cantonment, ii. 240-243; its name and history, stormed by Alexander and many others, 226, 240; on the path of invaders of India till Sind became a desert, 241; its later history, 241 ; the town and citadel, its religious and secular buildings, 241, 242 ; important trade centre between Punjab, Afghanistan, and Europe, 242 ; its extensive railway communications, 233 ; boat trade to Karachi, 242 ; silk and minor industries, 233; railway and other factories, 243.

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