An investigation of the effects of discharged wastes on kelp / [Wheeler J. North, project director].

  • California. State Water Quality Control Board.
Date:
1964
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: An investigation of the effects of discharged wastes on kelp / [Wheeler J. North, project director]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    28/144 (page 12)
    12 EFFECTS OF DISCHARGED WASTES ON KELP Table 2 Percentage yearly harvest from various beds. The year of maximum yield was taken as 100. Bed number Year 1 2 3 4 1 12 13 14 22 YASS Kj ee Beyer sr mS ay op Rc pel hg ts a ee ed Ba 43.4 47.1 LOO Opell cee ee ee 100 0. eee LON Se eee ee See ee eee yt ay (ieee a) Se 100.0 45.7 69.9 100.0 100.0 ee ee LOLS S cote. eee aes 100.0 100.0 54.5 100.0 450002 Bee 225252 oe | ee ates EOUG eee ee See eee ees Ghee PE ey eee epee eS ae ae ae ee |b See See ee ae 1920 ake Se ae een he | hays ed ek | le A ee Pe Re as ee Re il ear a eee . JOS 1 es alee eee ee S| ee as oe |e ee: oa SO ae eek ne ee tee | ae oe | ee ee | See ee | 19325) See eee cone eee |e eee ee ae 1.20 3.86 0.31 2nln 0.25 5.12 66 .4)) |--2eenasem 193S32E 25. Sess Slee 1.37 17.8 5.14 OMT EEO 0.49 2.89 19:6, \ 2252 oe eee= 1934 ¥ Rees eee 3.14 4.29 5.90 0.09 0.39 Tol 8.40 7:02; | 32 See. IR Ray Seka ees Sar. ee 9 2.18 8.95 14.7 OO 7 GIRS ae. 52s 8.53 5.03 O.89p\2 eae OSGeo eet eee 15.6 21.3 16.1 DO fale es - Al 15.6 8.16 A276 3|-22) eee 19S 7 Sees es a eee 5.34 30.4 15.4 1628 ieee eee 18.0 10.2 4.90). |22 a2 2= eee 1938 eee eee ee ae 4.41 15.3 16.9 21.3) eee a 21.9 13.5 1.44) | See ee ee LOSO. 222 eee eee 1.10 18.2 18.4 TAS GO Mee ae esa a 13.0 7.65 10..6 |2 oe 18 PO aaa a PA eo a eee | ee ae. 24.6 16.0 ye NO || ba ee oe ee eee is 0.71 okt ee AMS fl ek seat kD Mi MS ot hey Sk Bi cd 0.95 5.74 2520. SESS Als 52 |e 0.59 22D) |3-== 52s LOAD SS i ee eee Se. 1, Ae 4.37 8.18 20.7 0.05 0.21 2.59 4:80) 2263S eee 1043 oe oe eine oe ee Bee 8 lsd 2 20.9 Cal OA we Poe Os03s| 2225452202 9 Sia. eee ee 1944 See SA. 2 ee ee ee |e ee 20.9 19.6 PARIS 0 |e sy at ME) 2S = = 5) de Ee 029 s| Rae eee LAO en eaas See Sere Cree eee | ee eee LOM 11.2 5.60 0.55 5.16 Pe Ie} OVAl «| {See PO 4G NS EE EE SENS SRE | ena See ee 11.8 18.1 32.2 0.22 26.5 2.92 10°09) 25 eee BOAT gee 2 ete a eee aS ee 12.0 19.0 19.6 0.65 4.87 2.90 60) | se ee L948 a. Bese eer apes ere te (Eh eyo Vs 3.46 nO 28.8 Oecd 9.10 9.05 8:37.15 pean L4G ee See oes 5S ae ee ee ees |e ob. 2.88 16.3 30:2) s|e eae ree 3.87 1.85 il HE F55 he Alte gel a ale gl Bs, aD A Me ole a Mi a ge Bedale 12.2 350° (eeee. Seo | Se ae Ne Ue ae 2318) | Saas 105 1 eee EG 5 on ee eee Oe en 3.28 11.3 B22! Jal 2s eee (ee ee Loe |S ee oe 26.5 1O5 20s cosh BS tee he She Lines olen 3h 3.51 14.1 54.4 Meo. We St ee oh os be Lee 1344 105d Seregerge SO A ee P|. een Seabee 1.23 11.8 O8...1 | eae ey Seen Po ee | eee 100.0 US) Sy: Nail 2 il ume A OB Moco | oe tet Ral oef ox chia 7.10 PH al RS eS SS Re a |e ae 0.29 28.0 WODO See AE oA ae Oe ne eee. Wea) Ree. oe 7.26 29: Specie we eee | era | oe er | ah 37.5 P95 Gas. hehe 2 ei ae la a TMS Doh alee ee | eee Same | be a oe ale 44.5 1 Ey Ae ee eee Seen cere re Ne NE I 0.22 6.05 S220 Lee ee Oe | NMR oe Lee ee eee 25.8 TODS 25 ne eR eee ae cre fe. 2.71 15 53 yee 2S eee | Ne Oe eee oat) Se 26.2 The secondarily treated effluent from the plant of the City of San Diego is discharged into the bay from two open pipes at a depth of about 30 ft. The sewage is clarified and chlorinated before release, and in re- cent years averaged from 80 to 100 parts per million suspended solids. In addition to this discharge, the bay receives a small discharge of raw sewage from the City of Coronado and the Naval Amphibious Base, and a discharge from the Chula Vista treatment plant. An unknown and variable amount of sewage is con- tributed to the bay by naval and other vessels at anchor. Industrial wastes are discharged by fish can- neries, a kelp processing company, and a reduction plant. Aircraft industrial wastes are no longer dumped into the bay. The volume of San Diego Bay has been estimated as about 70 billion gallons and about 15 billion gallons are exchanged with the ocean during an average tidal evcle. The Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts’ dis- charge at Whites Point has undergone a number of changes since operations first commenced in the area. A 60-in. i.d. pipe 4500 ft. long was placed in service in 1937. In 1947 an additional outfall, 6400 ft. long and 72 inches in inside diameter was placed in serv- ice. These outfalls were modified by diffusers in 1954 and 1953 respectively. The 60-inch line was bulk- headed at the terminus and holes were drilled in the pipe for 378 ft. along its length. The 72-inch line was fitted with a Y-shaped diffuser with legs 216 ft. long. The average depth of discharge of the 60-inch outfall was 108 ft., that of the 72-inch outfall, 155 ft. In 1956, a 90-inch pipe was placed in service, discharging through a Y diffuser with 1200-ft. legs at an average depth of 203 ft. The length of the outfall, excluding the diffuser, was 7900 ft. With diffusers it has been computed, from ammonia concentration measure- ments, that the average maximum sewage concentra- tions at the ocean surface over the point of discharge represent dilutions of 170 to 1 with the 60-inch line, 300 to 1 with the 72-inch and 400 to 1 with the 90-inch lines. Suspended solids average somewhat less than 300 ppm. In addition to the outfalls at Whites Point, there are a number of discharges into nearby Los Angeles Harbor. Industrial wastes are derived from fish can- neries, the oil industries, vegetable oil plants, creo- soting and pile treating, metal working shops, and shipbuilding and repair facilities. Domestic wastes are discharged by small private sewage disposals, from ships and boats, and from the Terminal Island Sew- age Treatment Plant serving San Pedro and Wil- mington. The latter facility has an outfall discharging some 7 mgd on the average into the outer harbor. The effluent contains about 150 ppm suspended solids.