Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays.

Bernays, Albert James, 1823-1892.

Date:: 1878

Credit: Notes for students in chemistry : being a syllabus of chemistry compiled mainly from the manuals of Fownes-Watts, Miller, Wurz, and Schorlemmer / by Albert James Bernays. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$boils at 124° C. Octyl alcohol C-H,5.CH„0H, a colorless oily liquid, of sp. gr. o.8jo. Is nontaiued in the seed of Heracleim sphoiidi/lium, both uncombined and as octyl acetate, and as octyl butyrate in the seeds of Pastinaca sativa. Artificially from RIOINOLEIC ACID CnHs^Os + 2HOK = POTASSIUM SEBATE C,„H,„0, (OK), + H, + octyl alcohol G,H„.CH„OH. CAraYLic acid CyHij.COOH, of faint, unpleasant odor, is found as glyceride in butter, and in cocoa-nut-oil. IX. Nonane series. Normal nonane C,,H„„ = CH3(CH,),CH3, boils at 136° C. Sp. gr. 0.741. Nonyl alcohol OjHu.CHjOH, boils at 200° C. X. Decane series. Normal deoane C,„H„„ = CHjCCHoXCHj, of sp. gr. o.7<;7, boils at 160° C. Decyl alcohol C,„H„'OH = CaHig.CHjOH boils at 2 ro° 0. Rutic or capric acid CgHi^'COOH, as a glvGerido in butter and in cocoa-nut-oil. Also from aiuyl rutate in the fousel oil of the Scotch ilistilleries. Crystalline. XI. Endecane series. Endecane C,,H„,. XII. Dodecane series. Dodecaae C,jH,,8. Lauric acid CuHjj.COOH, from alcohol, in .-ilken needles. As a glyceride in fat of L'lums nohilis and of Piehurini beans. By saponification with potassium hydroxide, and decomposition of the soap with tartaric acid. XIII. Tridecane series. Tridecane CijHjg. XIV. Tetradecane series. Tetradecane G,.,H3„. Myristic acid Ci3H,,.C00H, in white, lustrous laminae, which melt at 5 3°. 8 C. Very soluble in hot alcohol. As a glyceride, myristin (CHHo70)3d3C3H5 in nutmfg-buttor and in Otoba fat. XV. Pentadecane series. Pentadecane C.^Hjj. XVI. Hexdecane series. Hexdecane G„H3,. Hexdecyl alcohol G,Jl33.0H = G,,,H3,.CPI,0I-I. Is ethal. As obtained from spermaceti found in cavities in tlie head of Physeter macrocephalits. It consists of cv.TYh or hexdecYL paliutate G,„H3,0.0C,„H33 : when fused with KOH = iWAs- SIUJI PALMITATE G.i-Hj.O.OK + CETYL ALCOHOL C,„H,30H. White crystallme ma^s, melts at 50° 0. Tasteless and in- solul le. Wlieii hoato.l with KOH = zH, + potassium pal- MiTATE G,„H3,0.0K. Palmitic acid G,,J-l,fi., = G,,H3,;G0OH, IS the 16th of the fatty acid soiies. Occurs as a glyceride in rnaiiy fats. iVIost largely in pulm-oil from Elais rjidaneiwk, in Chinese tallow, and .Japnn wax, as tri-palmitin (0|„H3|0.6)3. GjH,. Also as cotyl palinitate (spermaceti). Artilicially by melting oleic acid (p. roj) with 2KOH = H,,-j- GH3.GOOK-f G|„ir3,O.OK. Solnbloin boiling alcohol. Melts at 620^ G. Miiy 1,0 distilled. Mono- di- and tri-palmitin XVn. Margaric acid G,,H33.0H, was supposed to bo inter- mediate between [i.-dinitic and stearic acids. As maroarate op p.rrAssiUM (\M,^().OK + NIL, by .action of nioTvi, cYANinn: (JNG,„H33 + KOir -I- OH,. XVIH. Stearic acid G,JI,„() OH III nacreous laniinai, of acid reaction. Mults at 69'^ 0' Tki-$