The ophthalmoscope : a manual for students / by Gustavus Hartridge.

  • Hartridge, Gustavus, 1849-1923.
Date:
1891
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The ophthalmoscope : a manual for students / by Gustavus Hartridge. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    are examining, while the light is still reflected by the large concave mirror; thus one obtains an inverted image of the fundus. Notice first the shape, size, and edges of the disc; if well defined or blurred, if cupped or otherwise. Distinguish the arteries from the veins, and note if they be full, tortuous, or if pulsa- tion exist, if clearly defined or if covered up in parts, or if a line can be traced along the edge of any of the arteries; then examine the periphery by directing the patient first to look up, then down, and finally to either side. Attention must next be directed to the macula region. 4. Examine the eye by the direct method, first the disc, then the periphery, and finally the macula re- gion ; compare the result by this plan and the indi- rect method. Estimate the refraction at the disc. When any patches of pigment, exudation, or haemor- rhages are found, one must decide if they are retinal or choroidal. 5. Finally notice the refraction of the patient by retinoscopy. When the observer has time, a sketch may be made of the disc. Nothing improves one's powers of observation so much, or leads to such accu- racy, as making a drawing of what is really seen; every detail must then necessarily receive considerable attention.